Rape and Men - 2186 Words

Before the rape I felt good. My life was in order. I was getting ready to get married. Afterward everything changed. I kind of lost who I was as a personÂ… I asked him ‘Didnt you have a wife or a girlfriend you could do this with? He said ‘I like this better. I like it better this way. -Victim Testimony, Trial Transcript, People V. Eric Barnes, Kew Garden, New York, July 6, 1984. Rape is a physical attack, not sex. Rape crisis counselors and researchers define rape as an act of violence in which sex is used as a weapon (Benedict 2). A woman is raped in this country every two minutes. Between 1996 1999 7,787,00 rapes were reported. The actual number is much, much higher because only 26% of rapes are reported.†¦show more content†¦Victims may try to cope with the attack and the posttraumatic stress disorder with drugs and alcohol (Figley 6). Rape can be preventable and here are a few steps and precautions that are taught to women. Carry your keys in your dominant hand, be able to use them as a weapon and be able to unlock your car door with either hand. Use deadbolts, window locks, and peep holes. When on the street, walk in a group and try to vary the way you walk to your car or house (Figley 6). In short, a woman needs to be aware and stay away from any situation that makes her uncomfortable. In one study examining the incidence of the thre e patterns of rape, it was found that power rapes are the most common. Power rapes constituted for 55%, anger rapes accounted for 40%, and about 5% were sadistic rapes (Hazelwood 1). Rapists who assault women lead double lives. On the outside they may appear no different from other men. They are members of every race, religion, profession, and socioeconomic group; they are of varying ages and are often members of churches. Many of them impress others as dedicated family men who are good providers (Groth 7). They are not insane nor are they sowing some wild oats. They are men who have serious psychological or personality disorders, which they discharge trough sexual violence. The consequences of this behavior have no meaning to the rapist at the time of the assault. Therefore, he is not bothered by such logicalShow MoreRelatedMen Who Rape The Psychology Of Fender Essay1772 Words   |  8 PagesA. Nicholas Groth’s book Men Who Rape The Psychology of the Offender is a revela tion towards anyone who ever believed in the common myths surrounding female sexuality and what stereotypically marks a potential rapist (stranger in the streets, homeless man etc.). The book is lauded by critics as being a must have for anyone professionally working with offenders or victims of sexual violence. This book provided me a clear understanding as to why men rape, which is based on three primary reasons: powerRead MoreCan Evolution Ever Explain Why Men Rape? Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesCan evolution ever explain why men rape? Why is it considered a societal norm for men to rape women? Rape can be an act of any sexual activity that is carried out using force or threat of injury against the will of a female. It mostly occurs when the victim is underage, incapable of valid consent (i.e. drunk, drugged), or when there is a known perpetrator (i.e. family member, friend). It is unfortunate that some women get raped even when having no affiliations with the perpetrator. Desp ite a decreaseRead MoreAnalysis Of Michael Kimmels Men, Masculinity, And The Rape Culture1218 Words   |  5 Pages2. Masculinity is a term that is often associated with strength, power, control, and dominance in men. However, many texts support the claim that masculinity can be perceived as â€Å"socially constructed† and available for systematic discrepancy, similar to femininity. For example, in Michael Kimmel’s â€Å"Men, Masculinity, and the Rape Culture,† Kimmel identifies the â€Å"traditional masculinity† in which men exclusively can experience the â€Å"right to manhood† and the â€Å"dare and aggression† that is rightfullyRead MoreThe Rape Of Sexual Violence1642 Words   |  7 Pagesconsented to have sex with me again,† â€Å"It’s not a rape if it happens after drinking or taking drugs†: these quotes about rape are few to the numerous myths that circulate society today. 1 out of every 6 American women has been sexually assaulted, yet this statistic is only from victims who come forward (Victims of Sexual Violence: Statistics†). The problem in America today is the â€Å"Rape Culture† in which we live. A Rape Culture is defined as a â€Å"rape prevalent society in which sexual violence is normalizedRead MoreRape Culture Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagessomebody is accused of rape. Rape culture affects many people, including both women and men. Rape culture is a problem and it makes it difficult for somebody to speak out about a non- consensual sexual incident. Non- consensual sexual intercourse is rape. Sexual assault is violence, not sex. Many have spoken about their experiences with rape and rape culture. Rape culture is a culture defined as a society that normalizes rape and sexual assault. Rape culture causes many men and women to feel as thoughRead MoreAmerica s Thriving Rape Culture1492 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica’s Thriving Rape Culture America has a proud history of being a country that has many different ethnicities and cultures living within its borders. But one of the most prevalent cultures is one that transcends race or country of origin, rape culture. The term used by modern day feminist and gender activist defines a culture which normalizes rape and sexual assaults because of the deeply rooted societal attitudes towards gender and sexuality. In a rape culture the instances of rape are acceptedRead MoreRape in Society1097 Words   |  5 PagesA cause of rape culture is the objectification and domination of woman. Men are taught to assert their dominance and superiority, and some will do that with or without consent. Men see women as objects waiting to be used and conquered whether it is at home, the work place, or in the media. A woman’s body is not her own, but merely used for the pleasure of a man. A solution to this problem would not be, telling women what to wear, how to act and what they can or cannot do; but it is teaching malesRead More Effects Of Rape On Women Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Webster’s Dictionary describes rape as the crime of forcing another person to submit to sex acts, especially sexual intercourse. Rape is a crime in which most women cannot defend themselves. The fear of rape plagues every woman at some point or another in her life. The traumatic effects of rape vary from mild to severe, from psychological to physical. This paper will evaluate rape, as well as the effects it has on women, the theory behind male dominance and patriarchyRead MoreMale Rape Victims Essay587 Words   |  3 PagesMale Rape Victims What is rape, and to whom does it happen? Generally speaking, rape is a violent sexual act imposed on a nonconsenting partner that makes you question many things about yourself. Unfortunately the mythology usually surrounding rape is that it only happens to women. The fact is, rape does not only happen to women, but men as well. It is one of the most misunderstood of all crimes, and when the victim is male, understanding why it has happened, is one of the hardest things to comprehendRead MoreRape Culture And Rape Myths1634 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom getting raped. In this paper, I will discuss how living in a rape culture affects women and men, how does rape myths affect society and how we can change the negative effects of living in a rape culture and rape myths. In order to understand this, we must first define what rape is. Rape is unwanted sexual attentions or actions that are directed to a person. Rape can happen to anyone but it is most common to happen women. Rape happens to women around the ages of 16-24 and it is â€Å"considered to

Tell Us How Your Background And Experience Makes You A

ï  ¯ Tell us how your background and experience makes you a fit for this role? My background and experience makes me fit for this role because I have worked in Public Relations in my pervious internships. Public Relations are all about creating an image and a story to share with you viewers and presenting it in a way that is appealing to the viewer’s eye. ï  ¯ Tell us about your coursework. In what ways is it relevant to this position? Being an economics major and accounting minor my course work is very tedious but allows me to apply budgeting concepts to public relations to make sure the money is being directed and spent in areas that will benefit the company. My coursework requires a lot of strategically thinking allowing me to thrive in†¦show more content†¦Free Agent is dedicated to changing the lives of their customers to provide beneficial and life changing health care. Some questions I have are, what are you as a agency looking for in a intern? How do you provide a bridge between athletes and the everyday person. ï  ¯ What are you expectations? My expectations are to gain insight into a new ï  ¯ What do you know about the industry? ï  ¯ What are your long term goals? My long-term goal is work for a job that I am passionate about while still growing within my company. I would want to be an asset to my position where people see me thriving and are inspired by my dedication to my job. ï  ¯ how do you stay motivated? I stay motivated by getting my work done on time and seeing the long-term goal. By planning every step to each project I am faced with I am able to ï  ¯ How do you maintain attention to detail? I plan every step of each project allowing me to so stop and look at every detail at the end of each step. ï  ¯ What would you expect from us as your employer to keep you motivated? As my employer what would keep me motivated is seeing people who are dedicated to their job and excited about the tasks they have at hand. I would want to work with people who are dedicated to succeed and prioritize their work. ï  ¯ Where would you ideally see yourself a year from now and in three years from now? In three years from now I see myself working at my first corporateShow MoreRelatedBitstream Case Analysis1713 Words   |  7 PagesSolid business management, resource management and leadership experience/skills (includes Sales, Marketing, working with budgets and prioritizing expenses, staff management and development).  · Knowledge of VAR Sales channel, OEM Sales process, Networking products preferred.  · Good negotiation skills.  · Innovative, entrepreneurial spirit, problem solver, decision maker, convincing (strong sales background).  · Strong interpersonal and relationship buildingRead MoreHow to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, and Halfie812 Words   |  4 PagesThe short story â€Å"How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, and Halfie† by Junot Diaz is the main character, Yunior’s, guide to dating girls of different races and the ways to act in order to get what you want from them. The only thing Yunior seems to want for these girls is sexual acts. This short story argues that a person’s heritage, economic class, and race affect how a person identifies themselves, and how their identity affects how they act towards other people. The pressures a person mayRead MoreHow Knowledge Is Gained?1427 Words   |  6 PagesHow is knowledge gained? What are the sources? To what extent might these vary according to age, education, and cultural background? As we grow old we will continue to learn new things in life, weather it’s how to ride a bike or learn about our heritage and certain religions. We constantly increase our knowledge in various ways to help us progress further and develop our brains more which in turn will help us develop ourselves. Of course we will learn from the media, books or from other peopleRead MoreHow Social Media Helps Your Business1674 Words   |  7 PagesChances are if you own a business, you’ve probably considered how you could use social media as a tool to help your business. 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Introduction to Marketing Core Job of Marketing

Question: Describe about the Introduction to Marketing for Core Job of Marketing. Answer: Learning Journal 1: Marketing is one of the most crucial activities which are responsible for organizational success. The core job of marketing is to recognize the demand of products and services in the market and according to its organizational goals and objectives are adjusted to meet customer demand and earn revenue profit (Hollensen, 2015). In an organization other departments are directly or indirectly related to marketing. According to Kotler Keller, 2015, Marketing is a process where the organization strategizes its activities to meet customer needs and desires profitability. According to my study and analysis of the module and previous experience as marketing executive, I believe that marketing is a process which is more than just selling and advertising and the story does not ends there. According to my understanding it is about recognizing and considering the competitiveness of the market and where as a marketer we have to tap the current trends and changes in the market, and reaching consume rs with products and services that matches their wants, desires, and needs. There are mainly four types of consumers Seasonal Customers, Personal Consumers, Organizational Consumers, Impulsive Buyer, Discount Driven Consumers, and Need Based Consumers and Habitual Consumers (Jobber Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). I consider myself a Habitual consumer as I am very brand conscious and I tend to choose same brand of products and services when purchasing something for my personal use. For instance, I tend to buy Pepsi over Coca Cola as I have become habituated with the soft drink brand Pepsi. Learning Journal 2: In this module we learnt about marketing strategy and why it is important for organizational success. In the contemporary competitive market, markets use strategic planning for their organizational competitive advantage. It is the framework to achieve organizational success or business objective. According to my understanding of module 2, it provides a business organization a focus and direction to recognize the prospect and chances that are worth following as well avoiding possible threats. A successful marketing strategy will generate consumer preference for the brand (MacInnis, et al. 2014). To take my example, I am a regular customer of ASOS when I am buying cloths for myself online. I prefer ASOS because of its customer friendly website, long product line, easy payment options, and quick delivery; all these attributes have created a strong brand image in my perception. So, whenever I do online shopping for clothes I instantly choose ASOS. As a regular user of ASOS website, I hav e observed how user friendly website it splits down its products into related and constructive categories, like, product type, material, colour, price, purpose, etc. It is very stylish and easy to navigate which allows targeting its customer successfully. And these are the reason I am a loyal customers of ASOS.com. Learning Journal 3: In this module we have learnt about environmental analysis in strategic marketing. Environmental analysis is a strategic framework which is utilized by marketers to recognize all the external and internal factors that effects organizational performance (Kotler, 2009). Environmental analysis can be subdivided into Micro and macro environmental analysis. In simple words, micro environmental factors are those which directly affect organizational performance and they are staffs, customers, suppliers, shareholders, and competitors. Whereas, macro environmental factors are those which indirectly effect organizational performance and they are socio-cultural, legal, technological, political and environmental. To understand and recognize the environmental factors, markets use SWOT, PESTEL, Porters Five Force analysis, and etc frameworks. For instance, let us discuss environmental factors on mobile phone products- The micro environmental analysis helps marketers to position the on the whole goals, strategies and policies of the business. Whereas, the macro environmental analysis usually allows mobile phone business organizations to understand the risks, threats and opportunities that are present inside the industry and the factors which are beyond control of business. Restaurant is one of the most common industries in service industry. Micro environmental factors like availability of skilled staffs, customer preferences, relationship with suppliers and competition in the market or competitors strategic planning can affect restaurant business. Whereas, macro environmental factors like local government policy reforms, socio-cultural preference or taboo over a specific kind of cruise, environmental effects on the process of business can directly change or affect restaurant business. Learning Journal 4: According to my learning outcome of this learning module the following are some of the factors that make a good market research. They are: A successful marketing research utilizes the standard of the scientific methods, which are observation, proposition, calculation and testing (Malhotra, 2008). As the major objective of a market research is to recognize useful data and information, how I conduct my research is a very crucial factor. To make my research successful and effective I should follow the above standard method. A successful market research utilizes multiple methods to receive information data and avoids relaying on only one method. An effective research identifies the importance of utilizing multiple methods and sources to acquire the required information. To conduct a successful market research, a marketer should make the scenario a win-win-win situation. A promising research should show value for organization, product, customers, and should not take advantage of the situation. According to my learning outcome of this learning module the following are some of the factors that make a bad or unsuccessful market research. They are: Wrong or irrelevant questions that does not focus on the main concern of the research. Lack of sustained pace to market research to analyse and recognize continues shits in customer preferences, competitions and other environmental factoUse of amateur inexpensive survey software fails to focus on the main problem in the organizational performance. A successful market research requires more than intelligence and software, it requires proper knowledge and experience. Learning Journal 5: The consumer buying decision process is a complex method for every time an individual makes a buying process (Kotler, et al. 2015). Generally, I buy products when I need one and which suits my pocket. But in this model we learned how factors effects an individuals purchasing decisions. In reference to the consumer decision making model, I would like to explain my buying behaviour. Need recognition- I buy a product when I feel the need or to simplify it is a situation when there is a gap between the actual situation and the desired situation. For instance, when my phone broke, I felt the need to buy one. Information search- I search for the best possible way to find out what are the good phones that are available at the market. Alternative valuation- Then I searches for the alternative models of phones that are available in the market. I try to analyse their performance, price, value for money etc. Purchasing decision- Then I finally makes decision of buying a phone which generally will depend on the phone features, previous experience with the brand, price and availability of discount etc. Post- Purchase behaviour- Although I learnt about this step after the course completion but this is an important behaviour in the whole process. This generally involves the sense of satisfaction after buying the product In consumer buying process, some consumers make quick decisions in comparison to others who make slow decisions, these is because of consumers perception and experience about the product or brand (Solomon, 2014). This is known as level of involvement. When buying an expensive product, the decisions I make are not impulsive and are rather high involvements in my decision making process, but in case of cheap or low involvement products I often make impulsive decisions. According to my observations while buying a service my purchasing decision process remains more or less same with the product buying behaviour. Learning Journal 6: In this module, we have learned about market segmentation and its importance in targeting the prospective customers. In simple words, market segmentation is a marketing strategy which engages in breaking a broader target market in sub market targets according to needs, priorities, values, etc and then planning and applying strategy marketing tactics to target them (Chernev, 2014). For developing a marketing strategy, it is crucial for a business organization to recognize its target audience. Some of the organizations that have effectively targeted the market strategic segmentation plans are McDonalds, Walmart, Coca Cola, etc. McDonalds for instance have segmented its products according to demographics, psychographic and behavioural market segments (Pickton, Broderick, 2001). They have also segmented their products according to age- kids, kid-adults and family. But it hasnt targeted single adults. Wal-Mart on the other hand mainly segments their market into four different segments- the geographic, demographic, behavioural and the psychographic. But Coca Cola does not have specific target segmentation but is applies its marketing strategy by introducing new products. The management of Coca Cola utilizes a combination of undifferentiated niche targeting strategies to achieve competitive advantage over its competitors (Hartley Claycomb, 2013). Coca Cola doesnt target a specific segment but adapts its marketing strategy by developing new products. Similarly it uses combine of undifferentiated niche targeting strategies in order to drive sales in the competitive market. Its product Cola is popular worldwide is liked by people of all age group while the diet Coca Cola targets niche segment for people who are more health conscious. Coca Cola make use of aggressive positioning strategy in order to stay in advance of its competitors soft drinks market. Learning Journal 7: A product does include goods, services, ideas, and people. A product can even be a physical or virtual or cyber in its form. It is basically an item which is offered for sale. Each and every product that is produced is made at a cost and so each of them bears a value to it when sold. Every product has a life cycle and replaced by other after a certain period. When I buy a product, I believe the experience is important because it helps me to build perception about a product which assists me in my buying decisions. Products usability develops user experience. Learning Journal 8: The new age marketers are utilizing online promotional techniques to influence consumer buying behaviour (De Mooij, 2013). This is a matter of study that to what extent online promotional techniques and social media marketing influences in buying behaviour of an individual. Marketers are using online product reviews, which are often evoking customer purchasing decisions. For instance, when I shop online in e-commerce websites like Amazon, ASOS, etc I tend to check the product reviews that are provided by other users who have shared their experience regarding the particular product. Generally these testimonies or reviews are by genuine customer experience so referring to them often gives idea about the product quality or experience both positive and negative. So, often these e-commerce websites asks their buyers to write feedback about the product so that it will encourage others to buy the product. Parents, family and friends play a very vital role in shaping our behaviour and principles- this is known as peer pressure. While we interact with others in our day to day life, we often exchange our views and beliefs which to some amount influence our behaviour. The more we interact and communicate the more chances of shaping our views in influence of others. People with whom I am the most close to are my parents and my best friend tends to influence me most. Learning Journal 9: Pricing is a strategy which sets value of a product. When buying a product I look for a good deal not a cheap product. Even though price makes me think about buying the product or should find an alternative cheaper version of the product. Price facilitates my purchasing decisions about what should I buy and what is beyond by purchasing limit. Thus it can be concluded that the function of price of a product plays a crucial both as dominant and intricate (Wilson Gilligan, 2012). When buying a service, it is often difficult to understand the real value of the service before using it. A product is a tangible element which we can touch and hold and anticipate about its quality. It is quite difficult for me to evaluate the real value for a product. For instance, last year I went on a vacation and stayed at a hotel which charged us less than market value. I anticipated that they are charging less may be because they have inferior service quality. But to my surprise, the value of service was more than our expectation. So, it becomes difficult to evaluate the real value of a service considering its pricing. Learning Journal 10: Yes, I am a regular purchaser of online products. One of the main reasons why I buy online is because I get a list of alternatives where I can compare and buy among products. Ecommerce websites like Amazon, Flipkart, etc have a wider shelf space as compared to brick and mortar shopping malls. I have just to turn on my internet to get a wide range of products on my computer screen to choose from. One of the most positive parts of online shopping is that we can view reviews from other buys so we get a clear picture about the product or service quality before considering of purchasing it. I would not buy flowers and medicines online because I prefer choosing my flowers with their freshness, which online cannot guarantee me. And I will not buy medicine because there has been news recently about the fraud dug producers who are selling duplicate medicinal drugs online and misguiding consumers. I would rather visit a local drug store and buy my medicines checking their expiry date rather than buying online. I would like to buy electronic products, cloths, kitchen appliances, fishing gear, groceries, hotel reservations, plane tickets, toys, video games, movie tickets and books because in our busy schedule I do not have time to visit brick and mortar shops to buy individual items of my needs. I would rather sit and order my needs in just one click. Learning Journal 11: Marketing is a strategic business phenomenon which is more than just advertising and selling. I joined the above course with the primary objective of self development and career enhancement. Finishing the course modules has shaped a great learning path for me on numerous points. The module contents, valuable coaching styles of our respected teaching guide, satisfactory learning resources and individual learning hard work. Learning marketing has unlocked a comprehensively knowledge about the principle features of product and service design from marketing point of view in both as theoretical and practical stages. I have learned about how branding is important in marketing and how different factors effect buyers purchasing decisions. So, as a marketing student and a prospective marketing this learning module will assist me in strategic decision making for marketing a product or service and become professionally successful. Learning marketing has changed my perception about how products and services are marketed and what are the tactics that are used by organizations to attract the target audience. After finishing the course module my purchasing decisions will be defiantly changed. Reference: Chernev, A. (2014).Strategic marketing management. Cerebellum Press. De Mooij, M. (2013).Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Hartley, R. F., Claycomb, C. (2013).Marketing mistakes and successes. Wiley. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Jobber, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2012).Principles and practice of marketing(No. 7th). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kotler, P. (2009).Marketing management: A south Asian perspective. Pearson Education India. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015).Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Manceau, D., Hmonnet-Goujot, A. (2015).Marketing management(Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. MacInnis, D. J., Park, C. W., Priester, J. W. (2014).Handbook of brand relationships. Routledge. Malhotra, N. K. (2008).Marketing research: An applied orientation, 5/e. Pearson Education India. Pickton, D., Broderick, A. (2001).Integrated marketing communications. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Solomon, M. R. (2014).Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall. Wilson, R. M., Gilligan, C. (2012).Strategic marketing management. Routledge.

Essay About Abortion Example For Students

Essay About Abortion Abortion is one of the most controversial and talked about topics of our time. It is discussed in classrooms, work places and even on the Internet. Abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in or closely followed by the death of an embryo or fetus. This definition includes accidental abortion such as, miscarriage and stillbirths. But this is not what is being debated. People want to know if abortion is ethical, if the fetus can feel pain, and when it is more human than non-human. These questions are very difficult to answer and may never be answered in our lifetime. But one thing we as humans do know is that we have opinions, ranging from completely anti abortion (pro-life) to completely for abortion (pro-choice), and anywhere in the wide spectrum in between. Abortion is a movement that was erected almost 40 years ago. This movement has been very controversial over the years; the main reason being that it is something that there is virtually no in between. You either are, or you are not. Both movements, (pro-life and pro-choice) have been one of the most controversial movements in a political presents. The opposition feels that pro-choice does not mean Pro-abortion, it is the right in choosing whether to reproduce, adopt, or abort. It is every human beings right to make there own decisions, and so it is a womans right to make the choices that affect her life as she sees morally right. It is a womans right to choose what she does with her body and it should not be altered or influenced by anyone else. As you can see, there are two sides of this movement that are constantly looking for contradictions in what other believes. There are many different viewpoints on abortion in the United States of America. Where most Americans do not feel that abortion is necessarily good, they do believe it is a right. Others have similar opinions. They embrace contradictory opinions and consider abortion a form of murder and yet still feel it should be legal for the truly desperate. However, most Americans think abortions are morally troubling. A recent study by George Hunt shows that neither age nor gender appears to have any effect on peoples current views on abortions. (Wolf p54)MovementNow that we know so much about what each movement stands for, it would be rather imperative that we know what a movement is. A movement is constituted by human beings engaged in discourses and practices designed to challenge and change society as they define it Contemporary Movements and Ideologies p.12. To simplify this definition, it is a change in the status quo of society. To simplify even more, it is changing from the norm. The normal way of life 70 years ago had always been the freedom to make your own decision. In most cases thats perfectly OK, however the pro-lifers feel differently, and that is no one should have the freedom to take another life. So essentially what they are trying to change is the taking of life from another innocent human being. Theyre trying established laws in attempts to protect and support the discourses and ideologies of their movements. One question that will often arise is this, why are people engaged in a social movement rather than coping with these problems on the individual basis or through institutionalized channel? The answer to this question is fairly simple. Pro-live supporters are involved in this for the simple reason that they feel passionately enough about it that they want to make a difference in society. Discourses and IdeologiesDiscourses and ideologies are what make a movement a movement. Essentially what a discourse is, is what the actual movement is trying t o say. What the pro-lifers say about this movement is that abortions should not be legal. They say that every innocent human being has a right to life. Pro-life advocates are involved in many practices that enhance what they say. Some simple statistics that are in support of the pro-lifers discourse are these. 1.5 million babies are aborted each year, whereas there are 1.6 million that wish to adopt. -Medical Economics, p.33. Another staggering statistic, between 1973 -1984 there were 15 million babies aborted. That number alone is unbelievable, that is ten times the number of Americans lost in all of are nations wars. Now in all honesty tell me, who is against who. . -Medical Economics, p.88. Blessed is the mother who would never think of asking her child to give up its life for hers.-Thou Shalt Not Play God p.2. Pro-life advocates convey that these are only a few reasons in which to support their movement. These points and ones similar to them helps to dictate what is really impo rtant, hence, their discourse. Macbeth is boring EssayConclusionContrary to popular belief, a movement is not something that someone could wake up and devise in one day. What a movement is essentially is an organization, and a very complex one at that. There are many contributing factors to movements success, far more than listed above. In my opinion when I have listed above is the skeletal structure of a movement success. Why do movements exist? Furthermore, why would people contribute to them? Why did they decide they wanted to deal with this problem in they movement rather than deal with them independently? These are all very complex questions with very complex answers. In short, because there is a demand for it. If and when a group of people decides that they are not happy with the regular status quo, they decide to take that initiative to get that changed. My personal opinion is that movements are extremely necessary in todays society. People in this world are living a specific way, and when that way is not suitable for them, they need to make that decision to create a movement to ultimately achieve their discourse. Through researching movements, furthermore, the pro-life movement, I have to revert to an original statement I already made and that is, movements in todays society are essential. BibliographyBooks UsedClark, Thomas. Thou Shalt Not Play God The Humanist July-August 1995: p3Hunt, George W.. Of Many Things America 31 January 1998: p2Lavelle, Marianne. When Abortion Comes Late In Pregnancy, Though Rare, MostLefevere, Patricia. Ex-abortion Providers; Conversation Tales National CatholicReporter 16 March 22 2000: p6Merril, Ted. Abortion; Extreme Views Ignore Reality Medical Economics 15 July 1996:p33McMillan, Jeff. Focusing On a Womans Right To Self Defense The Chronicle of HigherEducation. 6 December 1998: pA12No Easy Quick Fix Solutions To Abortion Issues National Catholic Reporter 8November 1996: p20Thomas, Judy. Pro-life Turns Deadly Newsweek May 13 2000: p64Wallace, Bruce. When One Fetus Lives and One Dies Macleans

Reasons to study abroad

Reasons to study abroad â€Å"Ma’am, ould you like fish or chicken?† I knew that it didn’t matter what meal I chose on board they both were a bit tasteless. Still it was the best chicken in my life because I knew it was the beginning of my trip. Studying abroad is the time of one’s life most replete with emotions, memories, wonders and experience. Here is a list of the reasons why a semester in another country gives you more adventures and experience than you would ever get at home. Discover the world and yourself Studying abroad is a wonderful adventure not only to a foreign country but to your inner world. It is challenging to live in another country, so it’s no wonder that you can face various social, linguistic or cultural difficulties. Though, what is the most beautiful about it – you never know what hidden personal qualities you have. Being surrounded with love, care and financial help at home you’ve probably had no need to think about getting to college on your own or taking care of household chores. Living away not only from home but far away from friends, common traditions and surrounding gives a great boost to develop living skills and harden your temper. If you’re not sure what you are worth of and what you can achieve in life, a semester abroad is right for you. Enrich the Culture The more it is challenging, the more it is full of fun. Cultural diversity is what makes traveling so exciting and unpredictable.   Try to take the most out of the trip. Don’t be a couch potato – the whole amazing world is waiting for you as you step off the airplane’s stairs. Do a small research ahead to check the most interesting places. Maybe a museum of Dreams, or Madame Tussaud’s museum, or Azuma Makoto exhibition of flowers in ice? However, if you feel that there’s not much time for sightseeing, you can discover the wonders of culture right next to you. People around you make a great part of culture and traditions as well. You may not only enrich your experience but share the beauty of your country among your new friends and college mates. Developing Language Skills There’s no better way to study a language than in its natural environment. Imagine the situation when you have to explain something during lecture but you lack some words. The only thing you can do is to think of an easier way to explain it with the help of familiar words. It forces the brain to come up with synonyms and develops the thinking process. Practicing the language everyday is a privilege that you cannot get at home. Moreover, your academic results in the language can be impressive, the best way to study the colloquial language is within the speaking society. Career Development and Perspectives There’s a chance that you may fall in love with the people and their culture so much that you’ll decide to stay there for a bit longer. A good option is to find work after graduating. For some professions the work opportunity is the main reason why students decide to go abroad. Especially, it’s true about the developing countries that don’t have enough financial support from the government to conduct researches and equip the laboratories. Anyway, a note in your resume about studying abroad signals to an employer about your important skills, broaden outlook, desire to develop and challenge yourself and flexibility. You will be surprised by the end of the trip how many things you’d overcome.

16 Sweet Quotes About First Love

16 Sweet Quotes About First Love The first brush of love is a delicious feeling. You feel fresh energy surging in your body, and you become constantly aware of your own appearance, attitude, and behavior. The effect of new love may last for the courtship period, where both partners put their best foot forward. You enjoy the romantic overtures, the subtle body language, and the anticipation of passionate love. You could fall in love many times during the course of a lifetime, but the first rush of love always holds a special place in our hearts. The novelty of the feeling, like the first drops of dew on an untouched leaf, makes it special and unforgettable. These first love quotes develop on the theme of this treasured rush called first love. George Bernard Shaw First love is a little foolish and a lot of curiosity. Branislav Nusic First love is dangerous only when it is also the last. Rosemary Rogers First romance, first love, is something so special to all of us, both emotionally and physically, that it touches our lives and enriches them forever. Benjamin Disraeli The magic of first love is our ignorance that it can never end. Thomas Moore No, theres nothing half so sweet in life as loves young dream. Alfred Lord Tennyson In the spring a livelier iris changes on the burnished dove;In the spring a young mans fancy lightly turns to thoughts of love. Leo Buscaglia Love is always bestowed as a gift - freely, willingly, and without expectation... We dont love to be loved; we love to love. Blaise Pascal We conceal it from ourselves in vain: we must always love something. In those matters seemingly removed from love, the feeling is secretly to be found, and man cannot possibly live for a moment without it. Nietzsche Love is the state in which man sees things; most widely different from what they are. William Shakespeare As sweet and musicalAs bright Apollos lute, strung with his hair;And when Love speaks, the voice of all the godsMakes heaven drowsy with the harmony. Lady Murasaki The memories of long love gather like drifting snow, poignant as the mandarin ducks who float side by side in sleep. Leo Buscaglia The heart is the place where we live our passions. It is frail and easily broken, but wonderfully resilient. There is no point in trying to deceive the heart. It depends upon our honesty for its survival. Richard Garnett Sweet are the words of love, sweeter his thoughts:Sweetest of all what love nor says nor thinks. Bayard Taylor The loving are the daring. Francois Mauriac No love, no friendship, can cross the path of our destiny without leaving some mark on it forever. Alexander Smith ï » ¿Love is but the discovery of ourselves in others, and the delight in the recognition. Rekindle the Romance in Your Relationship First love is not just for first-time lovers. You can even feel the magic with your spouse. Some  couples  have claimed that every time they stay apart for a while, their reunion is as if they just met on a first date. Some  married couples  renew their  marriage  vows to rekindle the old flame. Have you felt the same way about your partner? If you havent, you need to rekindle the  romance and walk down memory lane. Visit romantic cities like Paris or Rome, and  fall in love  in the presence of the gods of love.

The Lack of an internal audit department in a company called Mawarid Research Paper

The Lack of an internal audit department in a company called Mawarid Islamic finance in the UAE - Research Paper Example In accordance with the issues discussed in the paper Mawarid Finance’s strategy focuses on supporting and developing the national economy through the provision of Islamic financial services and products for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which form the backbone of a nation’s economy, to enable them to develop, grow stronger and faster. The organization specializes in developing Shariah complaint economical or financial services. It provides eMurabaha that allows its clients to buy the goods offline or online; financing for the purchase of the items; letter of guarantee covering bib; online labor guarantees, and advance payment bonds, together with guarantees for the retention monies, customs duty, labor, home financing, maintenance. Moreover, it offers vehicle and property financing for people, and different services to the corporate sector, which include working capital, assets, deposits, trading activities and financing projects. Mawarid Finance is the only UAEà ¢â‚¬â„¢s financial institution that is absolutely independent. However, in an attempt to ensuring that it hands itself operational independence, we find that the distribution of its shares has been done across over three hundred and fifty shareholders, whereby organizations or even companies own less than five percent each of the capital there is no stake of an individual shareholder that is more than two and half percent. (English 54). Problem Statement: Lack of internal auditors has appeared as one of the fundamental factors that have led to misappropriation of funds in several companies and organizations. That is why several companies and organizations have adopted it to help in bringing accountability, so that each money spent can be accounted for. Background and Significance: Internal auditors play a very crucial role in the corporate governance of their organizations, financial reporting processes, analysis of risk management and internal control structure. During the last dec ade, they actively offered management with assurance and consulting services to help in conformity with the laws like the 2002 U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley. The internal audit resources have also seen expansion for the purposes of satisfying the increasing demand for the services to facilitate financial report and internal control’s executive certifications. In the future years, it might be expected of the internal auditors to broaden their role to responsibilities such as the improvement of risk management, reduction of organizational costs and complexity, and participation in the development of governance and strategic processes. For instance, the rules of Proxy Disclosure Enhancements of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission to reveal their governance measures, which include the structure of their board, the board’s supervision of risk management as well as its relationship with the executive practices and policies of compensation. The new proxy rules will act ually exert pressure or compel the boards to show their role in the supervision of risk management, and further, this presents both opportunities and challenges for the CAEs (chief audit executives) and their

Is there a link between volcanic eruption and climate change and what Essay

Is there a link between volcanic eruption and climate change and what the relationship between the two may be - Essay Example A., & Wilson, L. (2008). Donald Rapp in his book about climatic changes states that volcanic eruptions, though minor, are one of the factors for global warming, but injecting radiations into the earth’s atmosphere. Volcanos erupts huge amounts of ash, magma and sulfuric contents that remain in the environment, polluting it. (Rapp, D. (2008) When the issues regarding global warming got into discussions, human activities like the release of gases having CFC’s and burning of fossil fuels were considered as the primary factors for the climatic change. But some people disagree and claim that human activities pose less danger to our environment than natural procedures such as volcanic eruptions. This statement led human to study the affects of volcanic eruptions in detail. (Stenchikov, Georgiy L., Ingo Kirchner, Alan Robock, Hans-F. Graf, Juan Carlos Antuna, R. G. Grainger, Alyn Lambert, and Larry Thomason, 1998) Mount Pinatubo in Philippines got erupted on June 15, 1991, where approximately about 20 million tons of SO2 and ash particles spread into the air for more than 12 miles. The gases and solids that bumped into the atmosphere at the time Mount Pinatubo erupted lasted for 2 weeks in the air. Volcanic outbreak of this scale can shock earth’s climate, dropping the quantity of sun rays getting in the Earths shell, and altering atmospheric activity model. But the degree to which these changes happen, may vary. (Geology, sdsu; climatic effects of volcanic eruptions (2001). Extensive volcanic motion may precede only a couple of days, but the huge out break of solid ash and gases containing high sulfur content, may last for a long period of time. The erupted sulfuric gases convert themselves to â€Å"Sulfate Aerosols†. After the volcanic eruption, these aerosol particles may rest in the Earth’s stratosphere for as long as a

The Expectations for 2062 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Expectations for 2062 - Essay Example This essay approves that phones would never be the same, there will be no touch screens, phones will come with sensors again detecting what is going on in the mind of the user, it will send a message to the people who the user wants to interact with. The phones will also come with an anti-spam policy which would restrict the users from using blasphemous language and posting crude stuff over the internet. Cars would change too, there would be no drivers required to drive the cars. It would be auto-driven and equipped with all the safety measures so as to avoid fatal accidents. This paper declares that ambulances would have separate lanes so as to reach patients quickly; there would be an alarm in each house which would trigger itself upon detecting unrest. For instance, the alarm would trigger itself if someone is trying to rob a house and the nearest police station would be informed automatically, the alarm would trigger itself should anyone require medical assistance and an ambulance would arrive within no time to assist the patient. Such sophisticated systems would become a reality in 2026. People who die of hunger would never die of it in 2026; the world would become self sufficient which it sadly is not now. There would be no nuclear weapons because the world would not require it. To conclude it is fair to say that 2026 will bring about some unimaginable changes, technology is bound to get even better in the coming years. Most other things would also get better when the technology becomes better.

Two different queuing systems

Two different queuing systems Introduction This report presents the modeling of two different queuing systems in a typical bank environment using the arena software. The confidence intervals for both the systems are constructed based on the simulation results. The systems are then compared to find out which queuing system performs better. Assumptions For both systems, no real data was collected. Both the interarrival times and service times were taken from known probability distributions. Other assumptions also include no balking, reneging and queue jumping. Each replication had the same initial conditions and terminating events. Lastly, both systems are assumed to be stable, have infinite calling population and no limit on system capacity. Modeling of the systems In this section of the report, the actual modelings of both the systems using the arena software are discussed. Configuration of the models and steps to run the system are also highlighted. Firstly, system 1 is explained, followed by system 2. System 1 modeling System 1 has a separate queue for each individual bank teller. Based on Kendalls notation, system 1 is an M/M/4 system. It is a Poisson process and disallows batch arrivals. The table below summarizes the categorization of the system based on the parameters of the system. In this system, customers arrive and choose to join the shortest queue. The highlighted mean values in the table represent the exponential mean value ?. For the interarrival time, 100 customers arrive in 1 hour. Hence, ÃŽ ²= 1/ (100/60) = 0.6 Firstly, create the customer arrival portion by clicking and dropping the create button. Next configure it by doubling clicking the diagram. The Figure shows the dialog box to configure the entity. Type the parameter as shown in Figure 2 above for this system. The configuration can also be shown in the figure below. Create the four individual processes for each of the Bank Tellers by using the process button. Configure the process as shown below. Since the customers can choose the shortest queue to join upon arrival, create a decision box by using the decide button. Configure the decision box as follows: Click on the Add button to include the conditions for the branching conditions. Select Expression and right click and select expression builder to construct the expressions. Finally, create the customer departure by using the Dispose button. Double click on the button to configure by naming it. Lastly, connect all the components together to model the system 1. System 2 modeling System 2 has only a single queue for all the arriving customers. When a bank teller becomes available, the customer will be served by that bank teller. Based on Kendalls notation, system 2 is an M/M/1 system. The table below shows the categorization of the system 2 based on Kendalls notation. Running the Simulation Once the models of both the system are constructed, simulation runs are conducted to evaluate the performance of the systems. The steps in running the simulation are as follows: Click on the Run tab and select Setup. Click on the Replication Parameters tab. Input number of replications as 15 and replication length as 480 change all the units to minutes. This is shown in the Figure below. Click on Run tab and select Go to run the simulation. Simulation Results This section of the report summarizes the results produced by both the queuing systems. The performance measure parameter is the average time the customer spends in the bank. The results for each individual system are evaluated and the following confidence interval is constructed. Then the two systems are compared by constructing another confidence interval. System 1 Results The system 1 results are based on the average time a customer spends in the system as its performance measure. The average time for each replication is summarized in the table below. Firstly, the mean is computed using (n) = 4.8121 Variance is also computed using (n) = 1.103800987 Hence the 95% confidence interval (? = 0.05, t14, 0.975 = 2.145) for system1 is computed using Confidence interval: [4.2302, 5.3940] System 2 Results The system 2 results are also measuring the average time the customer spends in the system. The results are summarized in the table below. By using the same formulas, the mean, variance and confidence interval are as follows: (n) = 3.804533333 (n) = 2.231921051 Confidence interval: [2.9771, 4.6319] Comparison between Two Systems From previous results, the confidence intervals of both the systems overlap each other. Therefore, it is hard to determine which system performs better. Hence, paired- t confidence interval is used to compare the two systems. It is important to note that the number of replications for each system must be the same for this type of comparison. The table below summarizes the results of this comparison. The mean, variance and the confidence interval is computed and the results are as follows: (n) = 1.007566667 (n) = 3.578001252 Confidence interval: [0.5192, 1.4960] Since the confidence interval does not contain zero, there is strong evidence to conclude that system 1s average time customer spends in the system is larger than that of system 2. Hence, system 2 performs better than system 1. Conclusion This report presents the models of two different queuing systems in a bank environment. Through the simulation results, it is found that system 2 performs better than system 1. In order to get more accurate results, the number of simulation runs must be increased and other performance measure parameters can be tested to further gauge the performance of both the systems.

The Effects of Global Warming on the Great Barrier Reef Essays -- Geol

The Effects of Global Warming on the Great Barrier Reef Introduction Coral reefs around the world are in danger. One of the causes is global warming, which has been increasing the temperature of the ocean water resulting in coral bleaching. This essay will focus on damage occurring to the Great Barrier Reef. What is a Coral Reef? A coral reef is a ridge formed in shallow ocean water by accumulated calcium-containing exoskeletons of coral animals, certain red algae, and mollusks. Coral reefs are tropical, forming only where surface waters are never cooler than 20Â ° C (68Â ° F). The only difference between a barrier reef and a coral reef is that a barrier reef occurs farther offshore, with a channel or lagoon between it and the shore. The outer layer of a reef consists of living animals, or polyps, of coral. Single-celled algae called zooxanthellae live within the coral polyps, and a skeleton containing filamentous green algae surrounds them. The photosynthetic zooxanthellae and green algae transfer food energy directly to the coral polyps, while acquiring scarce nutrients from the coral. The numerous micro habitats of coral reefs and the high biological productivity support a great diversity of other life. The Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef is a chain of coral reefs in the Coral Sea, off the northeastern coast of Australia. The largest reef in the world, it extends about 1250 mi from Mackay, Queensland to the Torres Strait (between Australia and New Guinea.) The Great Barrier Reef is home to a remarkable number of organisms. The coral itself is made up of the skeletons of tiny, flowerlike water animals called polyps, held together by a limestone substance produced by a type of algae. Hundreds... ...bal Warming kills Great Barrier Reef coral http://www.usyd.edu.au/su/exterel/news/981008News/8.10.coral.html Coral bleaching http://www.uvi.edu/coral.reefer/bleach.htm Coral Reef http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=050FE000 Coral reefs in peril worldwide http://usatoday.com/life/science/environ/lse011.htm Coral 'stress' worsening, expert says http://www.msnbc.com/news/287041.asp?cp1=1 Global warming http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=03CCE000 Greenpeace reports threat to Great Barrier Reef http://www.wwinternational.com/pages/updatecontent/Reef.html Protecting Coral Reefs http://coralreef.gov/how.html What are Some Solutions to Global Warming http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Andes/9520/whattodo.html What are the Causes of Global Warming? http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Andes/9520/causes.html The Effects of Global Warming on the Great Barrier Reef Essays -- Geol The Effects of Global Warming on the Great Barrier Reef Introduction Coral reefs around the world are in danger. One of the causes is global warming, which has been increasing the temperature of the ocean water resulting in coral bleaching. This essay will focus on damage occurring to the Great Barrier Reef. What is a Coral Reef? A coral reef is a ridge formed in shallow ocean water by accumulated calcium-containing exoskeletons of coral animals, certain red algae, and mollusks. Coral reefs are tropical, forming only where surface waters are never cooler than 20Â ° C (68Â ° F). The only difference between a barrier reef and a coral reef is that a barrier reef occurs farther offshore, with a channel or lagoon between it and the shore. The outer layer of a reef consists of living animals, or polyps, of coral. Single-celled algae called zooxanthellae live within the coral polyps, and a skeleton containing filamentous green algae surrounds them. The photosynthetic zooxanthellae and green algae transfer food energy directly to the coral polyps, while acquiring scarce nutrients from the coral. The numerous micro habitats of coral reefs and the high biological productivity support a great diversity of other life. The Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef is a chain of coral reefs in the Coral Sea, off the northeastern coast of Australia. The largest reef in the world, it extends about 1250 mi from Mackay, Queensland to the Torres Strait (between Australia and New Guinea.) The Great Barrier Reef is home to a remarkable number of organisms. The coral itself is made up of the skeletons of tiny, flowerlike water animals called polyps, held together by a limestone substance produced by a type of algae. Hundreds... ...bal Warming kills Great Barrier Reef coral http://www.usyd.edu.au/su/exterel/news/981008News/8.10.coral.html Coral bleaching http://www.uvi.edu/coral.reefer/bleach.htm Coral Reef http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=050FE000 Coral reefs in peril worldwide http://usatoday.com/life/science/environ/lse011.htm Coral 'stress' worsening, expert says http://www.msnbc.com/news/287041.asp?cp1=1 Global warming http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=03CCE000 Greenpeace reports threat to Great Barrier Reef http://www.wwinternational.com/pages/updatecontent/Reef.html Protecting Coral Reefs http://coralreef.gov/how.html What are Some Solutions to Global Warming http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Andes/9520/whattodo.html What are the Causes of Global Warming? http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Andes/9520/causes.html

Amy Tan and Functionalism Essay

This essay will explore the real life of Amy Tan and the translation of her life through her large body of work. The research will not only involve biographical information but quotes from her books as they relate to her life and the influence of Asian culture on those works as well as her life. The works that will be focused on in this essay will The Joy Luck Club and other others. The main development of the essay will be based upon the comparing qualities found in The Joy Luck Club. This essay will be partly analytical and partly research based in its design. Amy Tan’s work, though broad in theme will usually bear the relationship of the mother-daughter paradigm in the weight of the story incorporating a functionalist theory. Cognitive processes performed by the brain allow for construction of an internal model of reality from the sensory data. This also coincides with consensual reality or perceived reality which is the function of the normal processes of the brain. Sensory perception is a crux by which cognitive science develops its theories. As such, the mind is in a continuous learning equation. The brain chronically categorizes representations of reality (objects, feelings, events, etc) and learns how to problem solve, and compute these different sensory receptions. This is a self-organizing process by which the mind acts like a computer and stores information from sensory events into a coded mechanism. Amy Tan writes about the way in which an Asian woman grows up in a Western culture and the effects of this on the mother-daughter relationship. Thus, not only is the theme of the familial relationship relevant but also the theme of the first generation Asian American important. Especially in the novel The Joy Luck Club the view of Asian values as they are pitted against Western culture is examined, just as in Amy Tan’s life, such issues were relevant. Tan’s novels peak with relevance to the negotiation of the characters toward their assimilation into Western society †¦Asian American culture emerges out of the contradictions of Asian immigration, which in the last century and a half of Asian entry into the United States have placed Asians within the United States nation-state, its workplaces, and its markets, yet linguistically, culturally and racially marked Asians as foreign and outside the national polity. Under such contradictions, late nineteenth-century Chinese immigrants labored in mining agriculture, and railroad construction but were excluded from citizenship and political participations in the state†¦By insisting on Asian American formation as contradictory, and therefore as dialectical and critical†¦while immigration has been the locus of legal and political restriction of Asians as the other in America, immigration has simultaneously been the site fro the emergence of critical negations of the nation-state for which those legislations are the expression†¦The national institutionalization of unity becomes the measure of the nation’s condition of heterogeneity. If the nation proposes American culture as the key site for ht resolution of inequalities and stratifications that cannot be resoled on the political terrain of representative democracy, then that culture performs that reconciliation by naturalizing a universality that exempts the non-American from its history or aestheticizes ethnic differences as if they could be separated form history (Lowe 11). Asian Americans are prone to negotiation and this interaction between cultures as well as between generations is especially prevalent in The Joy Luck Club as it relates to Tan’s life. In the context of this process is the history of Tan’s own life. She was a first generation Asian American born in Oakland California. Her parents were Chinese immigrants. Her father was a Baptist minister and her mother was a Shanghai nurse. When Tan was fourteen years old, her father as well as her elder brother died of brain tumors. After the death of the figurehead of the family and the brother, Tan, her mother Daisy and the younger brother Peter moved to Montreux, Switzerland. As Tan grew older she began to realize the great gap that existed between herself and her mother due to their difference in culture. As Tan grew up she realized that there was much tension between herself and her mother. Tan eventually moved away from home and gained her master’s degree in linguistics at San Jose State University. Tan’s first job was as a children’s speech therapist. Within the context of Tan’s writing there exists these elements of her life; integration, acceptance, alienation both in terms of culture and through this culture of familial ties. The ideal behind the immigration to America is extrapolated in her novels as a way of achieving the American dream. This issue is brought subtly to the foreground by way of the parents’ expectations of their children and the children’s noncompliance to these wishes, a sort of shucking off of the parents’ ideal for the children’s own interest, Although ‘Asian values’ have continued to define the material success of Asian Americans in American culture and society since the 1980’s, these values have equally been deployed to suggest the inability of Asian Americans to embrace the American Dream, a problem that would culminate in the myth of ‘perpetual foreigner. ’†¦the history of Asians in America can be fully understood only if we regard them as both immigrants and members of nonwhite minority groups precisely because Asian Americans have never been completely absorbed into American society and its body politic (Shu 93). Thus, Tan’s novels, as juxtaposed with her life emphasize the alienation first generation Asian Americans deal with as being ostracized from either culture, Culture is the medium of the present—the imagined equivalences and identifications through which the individual invents lived relationship with the national collective. But it is simultaneously the site that mediates the past, through whih history is grasped as difference, as fragments, shocks, and flashes of disjunction. It is through culture that the subject becomes, acts, and speaks itself as American. It is likewise in culture that individuals and collectivities struggle and remember, and in that difficult remembering, imagine and practice both subject and community differently (Lowe 10). In Tan’s novel The Joy Luck Club the main attraction for readers resides in the focus of the four main Chinese-American families. These families unite in the club they formed called The Joy Luck Club in which the mothers, and towards the end of the novel the daughters play the Chinese game Mahjong for money while also partaking of a myriad of Chinese dishes. In fact, Tan brings a lot of Chinese culture into her stories through food. The novel is written in a vignettes style in which the characters lives are portrayed in sixteen chapters divided into four sections where the narrative is dedicated to both the mother and the daughter. The beginning of the novel begins with Jing-Mei or ‘June’ who has at this point lost her mother Suyuan to an aneurysm. The Joy Luck Club requests that June take the place of her mother at their game. This begins the novel in a fashion of exploration and a journey in which June discovers who her mother was and thereby finds her own identity through her mother on behalf of the information gleaned from Suyuan’s friends. This topic of finding the self through the mother relates to Tan’s own life and her relationship with her mother. This is also a cultural issue in which the daughter denies her heritage, in this case both Tan and June, and only through this journey of discovering who the mother is does the daughter begin to understand her own self, In contrast, the cultural productions emerging out of the contradictions of immigrant marginality displace the fiction of reconciliation, disrupt the myth of national identity by revealing its gaps and fissures, an intervene in the narrative of national development that would illegitimately locate the immigrant before history, or exempt the immigrant from history. The universals proposed by the political and cultural forms of the nation precisely generate the critical acts that negate those universals. These acts compose the agency of Asian immigrants and Asian Americas: the acts of labor, resistance, memory, and survival as well as the politicized cultural work that emerges from dislocation and disidentification. Asian immigrants and Asian Americans have not only been subject to immigration exclusion and restriction, but have also been subjects of the migration process and are agents of political change, cultural expression, and social transformation (Lowe 11-12). Tan’s novels also focus on the American dream as it is reinterpreted by her characters. Tan’s use of culture as it applies to the characters is also applicable through the identity of being an immigrant. The loss of self through the loss of culture becomes a very viable source of depression for the characters in the novel just as Tan wrote that her own family suffered from this disease. Depression is prevalent with the daughters of the novel in struggling to find their identity and for June in finding out who her mother was as a person and as a mother. The novel deals greatly in behind the scene actions and events that are not revealed to the protagonist until the right time toward the end of the novel. In a way the old adage of a woman not becoming a woman until the death of her mother plays a specific role in this novel just as it does for Tan’s life. When June’s mother dies June must take on her mother’s responsibilities in the Joy Luck Club and in a way become her mother for these women. It is in this position that June learns of Suyuan’s life before being a mother just as much as she is an identity as a mother. Tan stated that her mother Daisy witnessed her mother’s suicide. This theme was emphasized in The Bonesetter’s Daughter when the mother tried to contact Precious Auntie. The form of contact that June clutches to in The Joy Luck Club is found in Suyuan’s circle of friends My father has asked me to be the fourth corner at the Joy Luck Club. I am to replace my mother whose seat at the mah jong table has been empty since she died two months ago. My father thinks she was killed by her own thoughts†¦My mother could sense that the women of these families also had unspeakable tragedies they left behind in China and hopes they couldn’t begin to express in their fragile English. Or at least, my mother recognized the numbness in these women’s faces. And she saw how quickly their eyes moved as she told them her idea for the Joy Luck Club (Tan 19-20). The pressure that mother insists upon the daughter is prevalent in Tan’s live as well as it is presented in the lives of her characters, especially June. There is a theme concurrent with this idea of memory, escape and eventual recognition in The Joy Luck Club which persists with the image and symbolism of the piano. Jing-mei’s mother Mrs. Woo insists that Jing-mei is a musical prodigy but during her debut recital both mother and daughter realize how bad she is at playing the instrument. As a result of this terrible recital Jing-mei shouts at her mother that she wishes she had never been born, that she were dead like those twins Mrs. Woo had to abandon. The mother then backs off and allows Jing-mei to forget about the piano. Later in the story the piano is given to Jing-mei as a thirtieth birthday presents and in this gift Jing-mei realizes that her mother only wanted her to find something worthwhile in her life. The gift of the piano reminds Jing-mei of the daughters that her mother had to leave behind, however, it is only after her mother’s death that Jing-mei can come to accept the gift of the piano. As she plays the piano Tan’s underlying theme becomes refocused on the American Dream translated into Chinese culture. Jing-mei’s mother wanted her to make something of herself, hence the piano. In Jing-mei’s ugly comment about wanting to be dead like her twin sisters the reader realizes that this is a metaphorical death, that Jing-mei is realizing that she is the product of a Chinese household but with ever growing dreams persuade by Western culture. Jing-mei eventually goes to China to meet with her twin sisters and in so doing she becomes reunited with her mother in the stories that she must give them, but all is revealed in that initial hug between the sisters. The mother’s children unite thereby uniting the family after so many years dislocated. In this way Tan’s focus is one of Diaspora, in the lack of home and the journey emotionally, spiritually and physically that each character in The Joy Luck Club must undertake to come to recognition with their identity, as Asian Americans, immigrants, products of a cultural dichotomy and as daughters and mothers, Tan also explores the effect of popular culture on the immigrant. Mrs. Woo gets her ideas from television and popular magazines. She does not question the validity of these sources. The magazines range from the bizarre—Ripley’s Believe It or Not—to the commonplace—Good Housekeeping and Reader’s Digest. Everything has been predigested for mass consumption (Shu 93). This predigested concept elicits for Tan the idea of self as seen through culture. The mother in this passage is seeking to redefine and assimilate into a culture for which she is ill designed. The theme then, as it was for Tan who was a first generation Asian American who later moved to Switzerland and then back to the San Francisco Bay area, is this idea of relocation, Diaspora. Through this concept of Diaspora through Tan’s novels it is easy to understand the psyche of her characters in relation to her own sentiments about life, immigration, identity as they in turn relate back, each of them, to the mother and daughter relationship. These forced concepts of becoming a woman and struggling with identity as it pertains to these outside forces is a daunting realization for each other Tan’s characters as it must have been difficult for her to define her life growing up a first generation Asian American. Amy Tan’s talent for writing is based on her affiliation with true life events which is a very functionalist way to write. Thus, when she writes her fiction novels she is also writing in part her biography as the thoughts of the characters are revealed to be strikingly similar to the sentiments that Tan must have felt growing up and finding out the history of her own mother who witnessed her mother’s suicide. Through the incorporation of these personal thoughts there is also the element in this way of thinking that focuses on Asian culture. The concept of the immigrant as it applies to Western culture is inclusive of being ostracized. Thus, the characters in Tan’s novels are in search of identity; identity as it relates to the dichotomy of Asian and Western culture, mother-daughter relationships, and the self. Through the arrival of the mother’s past revealed to the daughters in each of Tan’s novel, the daughter comes to an epiphany. The daughter realizes that she is her mother in part, and that is where her home is found. Thus, Tan is able to transfer this personal quest of self in the novel, as well as her real life, into the notion of the self being identified through the struggle of the mother for the daughter and the sacrifice therein. This concept is proved especially with June’s character, but for Tan , the idea of the mother defining the daughter is constant. Work Cited Lowe, Lisa. â€Å"The Power of Culture†. Journal of Asian American Studies. Vol. 1, No. 1. 1996. Shu, Yuan. â€Å"Globalization and ‘Asian Values’: Teaching and Theorizing Asian American Literature. † College Literature. Vol. 32, No. 1. Winter 2005. Tan, Amy. â€Å"The Joy Luck Club†. Putnam. 1989. Tan, Amy. â€Å"The Bonesetter’s Daughter. † Putnam. 2001.

Effects of Megans Law Essays

Effects of Megans Law Essays Effects of Megans Law Essay Effects of Megans Law Essay Running Head: Meganâ„ ¢s Law Is Meganâ„ ¢s Law an Effective Deterrent for Sexual Abuse Name Course Course instructor Date of submission Introduction Meganâ„ ¢s law is a law designed within the U.S to facilitate notification of communities and giving information to communities when potentially dangerous sex offenders move into any neighborhood. As such the resident of the neighborhood should by be notified of the nature of their new neighbor to ensure that protect themselves and their families against the risk of sexual assault of any kind. In the implementation of the law, the way the notification of conducted varies across states, and occasionally from one community to another within the same state. The enactment of this law and its provisions has encouraged sates to make attempts at tracking the domicile of sex offender at state level and providing the information to the members of the public. It is upon states to decide on how they want the information disseminated. In most cases the information provided to the public include the ex-sexual offenderâ„ ¢s name, date of incineration, the offendersâ„ ¢ pictures, t heir address and the kind of crime they were involved in. the effectiveness of this law in achieving it required intent can be a subject of great debate marred with skepticism optimism and pessimism. The most likely question regarding this kind of legislation is whether the law is effective in deterring sexual related offenses or not. Certainly, the legislation is has be hailed in preventing pervious sexual offender from committing more offenses of the same nature. This essay is going to analyze and discus whether Meganâ„ ¢s Law an Effective Deterrent for Sexual Abuse. Origin of Meganâ„ ¢s law Meganâ„ ¢s law was legislated following the case of Megan Kanka, 7 years old girl who was killed after being raped by Jesse Timmendequas, her 33 years old neighbor. Apparently Timmendequas had be convicted twice previously for similar offences. This horrible incident together with other numerous accounts of sexual molestation of children encouraged the legislation of the Meganâ„ ¢s law to curb against similar incidences in future. When the law was being formulated, there were numerous critics who did not hesitate to air their disapproval stating that the law could not help the situation much (Saunders, 1997). Indeed, their arguments seem to have been right since there is little to show of it 15 years after its enactment. Despite the controversies that surrounded it the, president Bill Clinton gave his presidential assent in 1996 the making it a law. Evidence of success There is little evidence that this law helps reduce sexual abuse of minors. What most states refer to as success or benefits is simply the assumed outcome of the enactment of the law that is backed with no evidence. The assumption is mostly based on the behavior of the parentsâ„ ¢ offender and the community at large. According to Fitch (2006) no research has ever been conducted to determine the success of the laws but the authorities continue praising and enforcing it. According to McClare (2010) only one study has been conducted so far concerning the performance of the law. This was conducted by Bonita Veysey, Philip Witt, Kristen Zgoba and Melissa Dalessandro in 2008 and came up with a report for the New Jersey Department of Corrections. The only outcome of the law was simplification of the arrest of sexual offenders. Benefit of the law to parents The provision of Meganâ„ ¢s law makes sure that sex predators are not allowed to continue preying on innocent children such as Megan. Albeit, if Meganâ„ ¢s parent were aware that their neighbor was reported to have committed sexual offense twice, they would have taken precaution and prevented any contact between their child and the sexual offender to prevent the probability of him preying on their incent child as his third victim. Such prior knowledge of ones new neighbors is what Meganâ„ ¢s Law seeks to equip parents with to ensure that they protect their children from the misdemeanor of serial sexual offenders. As such the law provides a tool for that helps incorporate the support of the public with that of the police and other relevant authorities in preventing sexual molestation of people especially children. As such the public has access specific information which in many cases depends on the state where one lives. About 15 states within America have online data bases providing information to the public about sexual offenders. In this databases once can access the information on sexual predators using their names or zip codes. Various data bases provide information concerning the last known address of sexual offenders as well as some information regarding their crimes. Some data bases provide photographs of the sexual offenders for easy identification while in some situation residents are required to visit police stations in order to gain access to the databases where they can draw information and make handwritten notes concerning the criminals. The amount of information the public can access from the police varies from state to state. Some states even demand that the offenders place signs at their place of residences while other provide notification to schools and neighborhoods. Benefits of the law to investigators The Meganâ„ ¢s law has been beneficial to investigators. According to the California Office of the attorney General the provision of online registries of previous sexual offenders has made it easy for investigators to track the sexual offenders or suspected sexual offenders (Brown, 2009; California Office of the Attorney General, 2010). The California offendersâ„ ¢ registry provides offenders addresses which are very helpful to any investigation agencies that are interested in investigating local sex offender or crimes. As such an offender who violates the registry regulation can be tracked and brought to book. However, in some states the status quo has remained more or less the same despite the enactment of the law. This could be translated into an understanding that the law has had little disturbance as far as sexual abuse if corned. As study in conducted in Washington DC in 2008 found that the change that was realized by the enactment of this law was very negligible. According to the author, the only commendable achievement realized by the law was making the arrest of sexual offender easier than the arrest of other offenders. The negative effects of the law Despite the raging debate about the consequences of the law most proponent argue that the benefits realized due to the enactment of the law greatly outweigh is negative effects. The law has had various impacts on the offenders. Sex offenders have been on record citing various challenges that have befallen them since the enactment of the law. According to Larson (2003) the offenders have to bear with the notion that the security of the public outweighs their privacy. In this regard, they have to live around people who know them completely and sometimes monitor them closely. Indeed, Levenson Cotter (2005) notes that the offenders have reported that the enactment of Meganâ„ ¢s law has lead to loss of relationships, social stigmatization loss of the offenders, physical and verbal assault to the offenders, and loss of housing and employment. According to Levenson Cotter (2005) many offenders have come to regard the notification of the public about the previous misdemeanor as an activity which motivates disapproval and stereotyping of sexual offenders as inexorably chronic sexual predators. The main negative incidence brought about by the Meganâ„ ¢s Law is the fear of vigilantism. In most cases when neighbors become aware of a sex offender in their midlist they cause physical abuse to them or drive them out of the neighborhood. Such fears are not baseless but emanate from the numerous incidences of vigilantism that have already been experienced across the country. Also notable negative outcome is the discouragement of sex offenders from adhering to the laws concerning the registration of persons. Although failure to register ones residence it typically consider to be felony, an estimated 20% of sex offenders fail to consistently fail to comply with the registration laws and regulations. By far the United Kingdom which does not have such legislation is better that the US with a 97 percent adherence to the registration laws meant for the sexual offenders. It is also worth nothing that some sexual offender may have benefited positively from the law. Some previous sexual offenders have observed that the Meganâ„ ¢s law has ensured that they become honest in their dealings with other people, something that previously would have been very difficult for them. This change in attitude and demeanor has ensured that they receive support from even those who seemed unlikely to offer such kind of support. Increased public awareness has also reduced the access to victims as the law increasingly becomes perceived to be a positive tool for risk management. Poor data bases Some information databases also seem to provide wrong in formation or incomprehensible information to the public. The variance of information presented form one states data base to another leaves room for great inconsistencies. Incomplete databases are also common. Most databases do not provide information concerning the crimes the offenders committed and some have crimes written in abbreviation which can easily lead to confusion. A few database gives detailed information though concerning the criminal history of contact with minors, compliance and other. A study conducted in 2005 by Levenson and Cotter report several inconsistencies in the registry of sexual offenders on Florida. Levenson and Cotter interviewed a total of 183 convicted sexual offenders on the state of Florida during this study and according to their respondents over half of the information on these databases was wrong. A similar study by Tewksbury (2002) in regard to the consistency of the information given on the Kentucky data base found that more than 25% of the total of 537 entries made in the database had wrong addresses and less than a half of the entries had the photographs of the sexual predators included. Incase of incomplete information or failure to update the database indicating changes such as appearances changes that occur overtime, the recorded information can lead to mistaken identity thus encouraging victimization of totally innocent families The shortcoming of the Meganâ„ ¢s law have earned it many critics who feel that the law has done little to reduce sexual predation more so by people who had previously been convicted of sexual offenses. Seemingly the provision of databases simply serves more to generate oppression and stigmatization of the sexual offenders than it serves to deter them from committing the same misdemeanor they committed before. For instance, if someone who committed a sexual offense is interested in committing a similar offense, he can simply take a car and move to the next town where little is known about him commit the same mistakes that earned him a jail term previously then drive back to his neighborhood where every parent keeps a watchful eye on him. In this regard the critics of the law believe that what the laws do is to give the offenders a new disguise and give the parents false belief that their children are well protected from such predators. Indeed, the law also makes parents or guard ian to ignore other sources of risks to children. Evidently, children face great risks from their relatives and family friends than they do from strangers. Larson (2003) asserts that the Meganâ„ ¢s laws provide parents with information about previous sexual offender who may not be relatives or friends; as such parent may spend quality time guarding their children against strangers and ignore the risks posed by those who are so close to the children. This is because ignorance of what happened within gives sex pets within the family to prey on then innocent children. In this regard it is upon parents to be keen and not what happens to their children development instead of solely depending on the national registries for sexual offenders. Many critics perceive notification as a poor tool of dealing with sexual offender. As such some people have called for reintegration of sexual offender back into the society and make them productive citizens. Unfortunately, integration becomes very difficult especially if there is some hostility towards the sexual offenders. According to Saunders (1997), some critics believe that treatment of the offender could provide the best avenue or reintegrating them in to the society without the fear that they may repeat their crimes at a later date. Treatment does the opposite of notification. Whereas notification encourages segregation and stigmatization, treatment helps the sexual offender to move towards positive socialization. Fitch (2007) noted those offenders who gain stability within their lives and are also properly re-integrated into the community are less likely to repeat their sexual offensive crimes. He further notes that Meganâ„ ¢s law on the other hand negatively impact s on the offendersâ„ ¢ ability to regains stability by limiting their ability to get jobs and housing. The offenders further face social segregation and as a result may never be able to complete their treatment. Such individual may in turn pose a greater risk to the society and children in general than they previously did. Conclusion Certainly Meganâ„ ¢s Law has underachieved or rather it is not performing at all. This is a fact that would leave the critics marveling at their accurateness in disregarding the legislation during its enactment after the rape and murder of the young Megan. Certainly giving information regarding sexual offender to parents and the community at large is a one sided strategy that only targets at preventing the victims contact with the predators. In this regard it is evident that the law does little to discourage the sexual offender from repeatedly committing sexual offenses. In a nut shell telling parents that their neighbor is a sexual offender only gives them false hope as they monitor their neighbors expecting their children be safe. What such parents may not know is that their relation and friends have the potential of harming their children even more than the former convict. The stigmisation that the law has accorded sex offender has been grate and a good number has suff ered verbal and physical injuries at the hands of their neighbors. The inconsistencies of the registries provided by the police also serve to worsen the underachievement poised by the law. It is however amazing how the authorities continue to hail the law even when they no that not much has been realized since its legislation in1996. Instead of praising the law the authorities should invest more in finding way of making the law realize a more tangible success that it has done before. Certainly both the critics and the supporters of the Meganâ„ ¢s law have a right to their views. Such view however could provide a sound source of ideas on how to improve the peace of legislation or delete it and come up with a better one to ensure that children are totally protected. Reference Brown, E. G. Jr. (2009). California Sex offender information Meganâ„ ¢s Law 2008. Report to the California Legislature. California Office of the Attorney General Fitch, K. (2006). Megans Law: does it protect children An updated review of evidence on the impact of community notification as legislated for by Megans Law in the United States. nspcc.org.uk/inform/research/findings/meganslaw_wda48233.html Fitch, K. (2007). Sex offender management: childrenâ„ ¢s rights, Meganâ„ ¢s law and the child sex offenders review. Retrieved July 31. 2010 from nspcc.org.uk/Inform/policyandpublicaffairs/sexoffendermanagement_wdf50066.pdf Larson, A. (2003). Megans Law. Retrieved July 31. 2010 from expertlaw.com/library/criminal/megans_law.html Letourneau, J et al. (2010). Effects of South Carolinaâ„ ¢s Sex Offender Registration and Notification Policy on Deterrence of Adult Sex Crimes. Criminal Justice and Behavior May 1, 2010 37: 477-481 Levenson, J and Cotter, L (2005) The Effect of Meganâ„ ¢s Law on Sex Offender Reintegration Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, Vol. 21, No. 1. February 2005, pp.49-66 McClare, K. (2010).The Effects of Megans Law. July 31. 2010 from ehow.com/list_6546829_effects-megan_s-law.html Office of the attorney general. (2010) Meganâ„ ¢s Law. Retrieved July 31. 2010 from meganslaw.ca.gov/homepage.aspxlang=ENGLISH Saunders, S. (1997).Megans Law. wright-house.com/ac/papers97/Saunders-ac1.html Tewksbury, R (2002) Validity and Utility of the Kentucky Sex Offender Registry Federal Probation, No. 66(1), pp. 21-26

Ban on Tobacco Essays

Ban on Tobacco Essays Ban on Tobacco Essay Ban on Tobacco Essay Essay Topic: Equus Ban on Tobacco Ads by the Government of India: Introduction On Feb 6, 2001 Government of India (GOI) dropped a bombshell on the tobacco Industry when it announced that it would shortly table a bill banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective of such a ban was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products and also arm the Government with powers to launch an anti-Tobacco Program. This decision seemed to have sparked an intense debate, not just over the ethical aspects of Governments moral policing but also over the achievability of the objective itself. Reacting strongly against the proposed ban, Suhel Seth, CEO, Equus Advertising said, The ban does not have teeth. It is a typical knee-jerk reaction by any Government to create some kind of popularity for itself. The Legislation has not been thought thorough. In its reaction to the GOIs decision, ITC Ltd1. announced that it would voluntarily withdraw from all of the sponsorship events, irrespective of the legal position on the subject. In a statement it said, ITC believes that this action on its part will create the right climate for a constructive dialogue that will help develop appropriate content, rules regulations to make the intended legislation equitable and implementable. The complexity of the issue was that, the issue involved the tussle between the ethical and commercial considerations. On the one hand, was tobacco, the most dangerous consumer product known, which killed when used as the makers intended. Therefore from an ethical standpoint, the Government had to discourage the habit, as it was responsible for the welfare of its citizens. On the other hand, the tobacco Industry was a major contributor to the State Exchequer (In the Year 2000-01 it contributed about Rs. 8000 crores in excise revenue) which was extremely important, given the financial crunch which it faced. In the light of the above statements, what approach should the government choose-the ethical or commercial and is it proper for government to interfere in matters of personal choice in the first place? To make the matter more complex, there was the question- was the objective achievable at all and was it equitable? The answers to these questions lay in understanding the viewpoints of both sides-those in favour and those against such bans. The Ayes The ban was not unusual keeping in view the international precedents. Countries like France, Finland, and Norway had already imposed similar bans. Advocates of free choice opposed to these bans, saying these amounted to unwarranted intrusion by the state in the private lives of its citizens. But, others pointed out that the state had the right to intervene in the overall interest of the citizens. They cited the example of drugs like cocaine, which was, banned the world over. In 1981, the Supreme Court (of Appeal) in Belgium gave its ruling that a ban on tobacco advertising was not unconstitutional. In 1991 the French Constitutional Council declared that the French ban on advertising tobacco products was not unconstitutional as it was based on the need to protect public health and did not curtail the freedom of trade. There were many precedents of restrictions being imposed on the advertising of dangerous or potentially dangerous products even if these products remained in the market (e. g. firearms, pharmaceutical Products).