Augustine :: essays research papers

Midterm ExamApproaches to God 2671) What do Luther, Aquinas, Augustine, Decartes, and Kierkeguard hold just about the relationship between credence and reason?All of these great philosophers had varying views on the relationship between faith and reason. Martin Luther was a key historical fingerbreadth and a key historical figure of his time. He rose to fame for his 95 thesis and is credited with bringing about the Protestant Reformation. Luther was a feidest- everything opens to faith with no regard to reason. He believed people were saved by faith alone.St Thomas Aquinas did not have the same views as Luther. He was a mitigated rationalist who believed in both faith and reason. Aquinas argued that reason preceded faith. St Thomas, a mendicant fryer, was a believer in the unity of truth.St Augustine of Hippo, a wellhead respected, top-notch philosopher was one of the greatest thinkers of his time. The great Augustine was also a mitigated rationalist. Unlike Aquinas, Augustine b elieved faith preceded reason. He took ancient thought and applied it to the bible. He believed man was good, alone not perfect. Augustines theory that faith precedes reason can be best summed up by citing his famous quote, I believe in run that I may understand. St Augustine was a giant in philosophy and continues to be studied today.Decartes, who invented the Cartesian Plain, wanted to make philosophy as detailed as his beloved mathematics. He often related philosophy to the principles of geometry and fineness. Decartes operated out of the theory of doubt, he doubted everything. However he did not doubt the fact that he could think. He felt that he could not think without existing. Hence he came up with the notion I think therefore I am. Decartes ultimately pulled faith away from reason and completely separated their relationship.Kierkeguard was the father of modern existentialism. He stresses the individual as an existentialist he created three levels. The first level was an artistic level, second was an ethical, in which one leads a good life, and the third and highest level was called the leap of faith, the religious level.2) Is raw(a) theology a science? wherefore or why not?When determining whether or not natural theology is a science or not, we encounter many different opinions. most may argue yes, while others argue no. The definition of Philosophy comes into play here. Philosophy- the science which studies all things in their ultimate causes by the light of natural reason.

The Problem with Presidential Primaries Essay -- Politics Political Es

The Problem with Presidential PrimariesEver since the election season of 1972, presidential primaries have become the dominant centre of selecting the two major party candidates.ii The primary system is one in which the eligible voters of each state do one of the following 1) Vote for a presidential candidate to run for their party in the general election. 2) Vote for a delegate pledged to vote for a certain candidate at the partys national convention. As intended, this process would bring the candidate selection processes out into the open and let the muckle vote for the candidate of their choice.iiii On the surface, this may look very democratic (and admittedly, in some instances it was/is), but upon closer examination, it becomes overwhelmingly clear that the candidates are chosen long before the people cast their vote. The culprit the structure of the presidential primary system.The most influential structural element of the new primary system is the newfound practice of t he policy-making parties choosing a favored candidate before the primary season. The parties then throw all their support and financial backing behind this candidate and instantly do work him/her a front-runner. While this element is standard among the two parties, the remaining structure of the primary system differs between the two main political parties. While some(prenominal) the Democratic and republican parties hold open and closed primaries, the two parties hold many of their state primaries on separate dates. Additionally, the two parties have different rules that typeset how each states delegates are allotted. The Democrats practice the proportional representation method of delegate allocation. The Republicans, on the other hand, pract... ... Online. Internet. 18 Mar. 2000. open http//www.thegreenpapers.com/Definitions.htmlProp. iiv New Hampshire Republican Delegation 2000. The kelvin Papers Election 2000. 1 Mar. 2000. Online. Internet. 18 Mar. 2000. Available http//www.thegreenpapers.com/PCC/NH-R.html.vv Delaware Republican Delegation 2000. The Green Papers Election 2000. 9 Feb. 2000. Online.Internet. 18 Mar. 2000. Available http//www.thegreenpapers.com/PCC/DE-R.html.vvi South Carolina Republican Delegation 2000. The Green Papers Election 2000. 4 Mar. 2000. Online. Internet. 18 Mar. 2000. Available http//www.thegreenpapers.com/PCC/SC-R.html.vvii The Green Papers Election 2000 Presidential Primary Season. The Green Papers Election 2000. 18 Mar. 2000. Online. Internet. 18 Mar. 2000. Available http//www.thegreenpapers.com/.

Essay --

A lineament property can help identify a substance. A characteristic property impart never lurch even when the volume of a substance is varied. A characteristic property also does not change when a substance changes state in matter. A physical property cannot identify a substance. A physical property will change when the volume of a substance is varied. It can also change when the substance changes state in matter. For example, if the volume and mass of a substance changes then the physical appearance will also change. However, the density, which is a characteristic property, will not change at all. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature that a substance changes from a transparent to a gas. The boiling point of a substance is a characteristic property because the boiling point of a substance will never change even when the volume and mass changes. The only thing that will change is the magazine that it impinge ons to reach that temperature. If the mass an d volume of the substance is small, then it will take a small amount of time for the substance to reach the temperature. However if the mass and volume of the substance is larger, then it will take a daylong time to reach the temperature. The purpose of this lab was to see if when the volume of a substance changes so does the boiling point.The procedure of the lab on day iodine was to get a ring stand and clinch, then throw the substance in the test tube. Then put the test tube in the clamp and then get a Bunsen burner. After that put the Bunsen burner underneath the test tube to heat it. The procedure of the lab for day 2 was almost exactly the same, except the substances that were used were different. The hypothesis was accepted. The hypothesis was if the am... ...roup seven had were that day one plateaued at a lower temperature than day two.It was learned that ever-changing the volume of the same substance will never change the boiling point of the substance. Howeve r having two different substances with the same volume will dissolver in two different boiling points. The purpose of this lab was to determine if changing the volume of a substance will change the boiling point. This is multipurpose to know in real life because if someone wanted to boil water to make pasta and did not know how much water to put in the pot. If the person knew if changing the volume of a substance will not change the boiling point, but only alter how much time it takes for the substance to reach the temperature. Then the person would know that it would be better to not put too much water in the pot, because it would take long-term for the water to boil.

The Genealogy of Jesus Christ Essay -- New Testament, Matthew 1:2-17

The New Testament includes quaternary church doctrines that enshroud a variety of narrative bankers bills relating to Jesus Christ. The Gospel of Matthew is sequentially placed as the first book within the New Testament. Furthermore, it is a canonical account of the life of Jesus, and is recognized as one of the synoptic Gospels. These accounts are divided into twenty eight chapters that appear in the form of a parable, proverb, law, or miracle accounting found within modern day poetry, letters, or literary tracts. Moreover, each narrative account possesses influential and intellectual material that attracts readers to examine it further. However, out of the four Gospels, Matthews is the one that encompasses the most amount of school text that bestows an array of narrative accounts of Jesus to observe. In Matthews scriptures he takes Jesus fulfillments of the Jewish prophecies into consideration and uses it to rebut the Jewish belief that Jesus of Nazareth is not the Messi ah. This piece of music will explore the pericope found in Matthew 12-17 that illustrates the genealogy of Jesus Christ. The purpose of the passage is to set up that Jesus is indeed the Messiah, which is a dominant writing throughout this particular Gospel. The above passage was chosen to obtain a greater perspective on the genealogy of Jesus Christ, through further examining Matthews tactic of incorporating Jesus into various Jewish traditions and prophecies. This passage is particularly interesting because Matthew functions as a connect between the two Testaments, by showing how prognosticative fulfillment citations from the Hebrew Bible were fulfilled, in the person of Jesus therefore proving he is the Messiah .The book of Matthew is a complicated Gospel as a result, it is vital for its ... ...s view Jesus as the Messiah and continue to worship him as the foundation of Christianity. As a result, it is evident that Christianity and Judaism possess different beliefs. perhap s over time the two faiths will fuse together and allow the people to become corporate and share the same beliefs towards the true Messiah.BibliographyBatten Alicia, asylum to the New Testament. Sudbury University of Sudbury, 2011.David S.Ariel The Messiah from What Do Jews Believe. New York Schocken Books, 1996.Coogan, Michael D. The New Oxford Annotated Bible. New York Oxford, 2007.Filson ,V. Floyd The Gospel According to St. Matthew. London A. and C. menacing Limited, 1960.Keener, Craig S. A Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew. jet Rapids, MI W.B. Eerdmans Pub., 1999. Print.Saldarini, Anthony Commentary On The Bible. Michigan Wm. B. Eerdmans 2003. The Genealogy of Jesus Christ Essay -- New Testament, Matthew 12-17The New Testament includes four Gospels that encompass a variety of narrative accounts relating to Jesus Christ. The Gospel of Matthew is sequentially placed as the first book within the New Testament. Furthermore, it is a canonical account of the life of Jesus, and is recognized as one of the synoptic Gospels. These accounts are divided into twenty eight chapters that appear in the form of a parable, proverb, law, or miracle story found within modern day poetry, letters, or literary tracts. Moreover, each narrative account possesses influential and intellectual material that attracts readers to examine it further. However, out of the four Gospels, Matthews is the one that encompasses the most amount of text that bestows an array of narrative accounts of Jesus to observe. In Matthews scriptures he takes Jesus fulfillments of the Jewish prophecies into consideration and uses it to refute the Jewish belief that Jesus of Nazareth is not the Messiah. This paper will explore the pericope found in Matthew 12-17 that illustrates the genealogy of Jesus Christ. The purpose of the passage is to demonstrate that Jesus is indeed the Messiah, which is a dominant theme throughout this particular Gospel. The above passage was chosen to ob tain a greater perspective on the genealogy of Jesus Christ, through further examining Matthews tactic of incorporating Jesus into various Jewish traditions and prophecies. This passage is particularly interesting because Matthew functions as a bridge between the two Testaments, by showing how prophetic fulfillment citations from the Hebrew Bible were fulfilled, in the person of Jesus therefore proving he is the Messiah .The book of Matthew is a complicated Gospel as a result, it is vital for its ... ...s view Jesus as the Messiah and continue to worship him as the foundation of Christianity. As a result, it is evident that Christianity and Judaism possess different beliefs. Perhaps over time the two faiths will fuse together and allow the people to become unified and share the same beliefs towards the true Messiah.BibliographyBatten Alicia, Introduction to the New Testament. Sudbury University of Sudbury, 2011.David S.Ariel The Messiah from What Do Jews Believe. New York Schocken Books, 1996.Coogan, Michael D. The New Oxford Annotated Bible. New York Oxford, 2007.Filson ,V. Floyd The Gospel According to St. Matthew. London A. and C. Black Limited, 1960.Keener, Craig S. A Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew. Grand Rapids, MI W.B. Eerdmans Pub., 1999. Print.Saldarini, Anthony Commentary On The Bible. Michigan Wm. B. Eerdmans 2003.

The Important Role of Water in Toni Morrison’s Beloved Essay -- Critic

Water has always been a source of conduct but many do not take into rate its strength and ability to kill. From its cleansing nature, it washes away dirt from its powerful potency it holds total destruction. With its flowing characteristic, water is able to form to any shape and trade name its way around any object. The multiple possibilities water possesses, engages, while takes away the mystery. In Toni Morrisons novel Beloved, water manipulates many factors causing destruction in the community. The direction it leads Beloved in, takes her from the past into the life of society while altering the notions of the future. The water creates a portal for Beloved taking her done death and life to a sense of belonging because it holds life-giving vitality as well as the ability to take life allowing her to move back and forth through worlds as the past gives possibility to the future.The water yields a home for Beloved as she finds herself lost and confused. As Beloved emerges from th e water, she searches for a place of belonging in the life she left behind. I come out of the blue water I need to find a place to be (213). Because she has been lost inner(a) the spiritual world, she searches for a home after being reborn. Once she finds this home, she is able to accept herself and can begin taking revenge on Sethe for what she did to her. Her simple beginnings of appraise and worshiping her mother, captures Sethes complete devotion and love. Rainwater held on to pine needles for dear life and Beloved could not take her eyes off Sethe (57). With Beloved ageless flattering nature, Sethe handed herself over to Beloved and she became part of the family. Beloveds evil ways of manipulating Sethe into caring more about her than Den... ...returns to help Sethe. Stay there. befoolt move. Let me heat up some water. Is it all right, Sethe, if I heat up some water? (272). Paul D gets rid of the frozen(p) water in Sethes life. This paves the road for different possibilit ies in her and the rest of the townspeoples lives. Although Sethe is devastated from Beloveds disappearance, the melting of ice lets her change and accent on the future instead of the past. Beloved finds a sense of belonging in returning to life after searching through death as she moves through the portal created by water. Its soft nature cleanses and washes away the bad but also holds the capability to destroy life. Water eases Beloveds transferral between worlds. It has always been a source of wonder and continues to amaze people. The passion of water alters anything in its path paving its own path regardless of its surroundings.

The Important Role of Water in Toni Morrison’s Beloved Essay -- Critic

Water has always been a source of life but mevery do not take into account its strength and ability to kill. From its purifying nature, it washes away dirt from its powerful potency it holds total destruction. With its flowing characteristic, water is able to form to any shape and make its way around any object. The multiple possibilities water possesses, engages, while takes away the mystery. In Toni Morrisons novel Beloved, water manipulates many factors causing destruction in the community. The direction it leads Beloved in, takes her from the aside into the life of society while altering the notions of the future. The water creates a portal for Beloved taking her through death and life to a sense of be because it holds life-giving vitality as well as the ability to take life allowing her to move back and forth through worlds as the past gives scuttle to the future.The water yields a category for Beloved as she finds herself lost and confused. As Beloved emerges from the wate r, she searches for a place of belonging in the life she left behind. I come out of the blue water I need to find a place to be (213). Because she has been lost inside the spiritual world, she searches for a home after being reborn. Once she finds this home, she is able to accept herself and can begin taking revenge on Sethe for what she did to her. Her simple beginnings of praising and worshiping her mother, captures Sethes complete idol worship and love. Rainwater held on to pine needles for dear life and Beloved could not take her eyes off Sethe (57). With Beloved constant flattering nature, Sethe handed herself everywhere to Beloved and she became part of the family. Beloveds evil ways of manipulating Sethe into caring more about her than Den... ...returns to help Sethe. Stay there. Dont move. Let me disturb up some water. Is it all right, Sethe, if I heat up some water? (272). Paul D gets rid of the frozen water in Sethes life. This paves the road for different possibilitie s in her and the rest of the townspeoples lives. Although Sethe is devastated from Beloveds disappearance, the melting of ice lets her change and focus on the future instead of the past. Beloved finds a sense of belonging in returning to life after searching through death as she moves through the portal created by water. Its soft nature cleanses and washes away the bad but also holds the capability to destroy life. Water eases Beloveds transportation between worlds. It has always been a source of wonder and continues to amaze people. The passion of water alters anything in its path paving its own path regardless of its surroundings.

The Properties of Chemical Reactions

Properties of Chemical Reactions Ms. Whitty, Science 10 Fiona Adams, November 1st, 2012 Introduction Chemical answers are a part of our daily lives, from rusting metal to making kail to leaves changing colour in the fall. Achemical reactionis the process that occurs when two or more substances combine to produce a chemical change. When a chemical reaction takes place, the change is indicated by one or more qualitative properties. The colour or odor could change, fumble could be produced, a sharp a solid substance in a solution could be formed, or energy could be absorbed or released.The substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants. When chemical reactions occur, the end result is called a product. Products usually have different properties than reactants bonds between segments will be changed during the reaction, give the atoms arrangement in different compounds. A compound is a chemical substance that consists of two or more different chemically bonded elements. In this experiment, some(prenominal)(prenominal) different compounds are being worked with potassium iodide, lead (II) nitrate, acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate.The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether or not a reaction has taken place using qualitative and denary analysis. Procedure demote 1 Qualitative observations of both potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate were preserve in a table. Then, the equipment and chemicals needed were gathered potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate, a graduated cylinder, Erlenmeyer flask, downhearted test tube, rubber stopper, and small scale. Using the graduated cylinder, 10 mL of potassium iodide solution was measured and poured into the Erlenmeyer flask.Next, the lead (II) nitrate solution was poured into the small test tube until it was approximately half full. The test tube was placed wrong the Erlenmeyer flask, and sealed with a rubber stopper the solutions were not mixed. The mass of flask, stopper and contents were hardened by being placed and weighed on a small scale. The mass determined was then recorded in another table. The Erlenmeyer flask was tipped so the previously separate solutions were allowed to mix, and the new mixture was again weighed and recorded in the second table.Changes in appearance from the original solutions were recorded in the first table. Lastly, leftover materials were disposed of. Part 2 Qualitative observations of both acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate were recorded in a third table. Equipment and chemicals were gathered acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate, a small scale, two pliant weigh gravy holders, scoopula, and graduated cylinder. The first weigh ride was placed on the scale and the scale was zeroed. One scoop of sodium bicarbonate was poured into the weigh boat with the scoopula, and the results were recorded in a fourth table.Next, the second weigh boat was placed on the scale and zeroed. Using the graduated cylinder, 15 mL of acetic acid was measured and poured into the weigh boat on the scale. The mass of the acetic acid was recorded in the fourth table. The sodium bicarbonate, measured previously, was poured into the weigh boat of acetic acid, and qualitative observations of that were recorded in the third table. When the reaction was complete, the mass of the products shown on the scale was recorded in the fourth table. Lastly, leftover materials were disposed of. ResultsQualitative Observations Part 1 Before the reaction took place, both the potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate had similar characteristics they were both in a liquid state, as well as being clear and colorless. After the reaction, the qualitative observations of the new substance showed several differences. It was yellow in color, and a grainy precipitate had formed. The substance remained in a liquid state. (Table 2) Quantitative Observations from Part 1 Mass of Reactants and Apparatus (g) 140. 26 Mass of Products and Apparatus (g) 140 . 26 Qualitative Observations Part 2 Before the reaction took place, the acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate separately had different qualitative characteristics. The acetic acid was clear, colorless and in a liquid state. The sodium bicarbonate, however, was a white powder, in a solid state. The reaction caused the new substance to bubble and foam, producing a gas. (Table 4) Quantitative Observations from Part 2 Mass of Sodium hydrogen carbonate (g) 1. 01 Mass of Acetic Acid (g) 14. 29 Mass of Products (g) 14. 88 Analysis Part 1 The chemical reaction that took place was evidenced by several qualitative observations.The colour of the two original substances was clear, and when combined the colour changed to yellow a change of colour is clear evidence of a chemical reaction. The intelligence comparison for this reaction would be potassium iodide + lead (II) nitrate Potassium nitrate and lead (II) iodide. In the form of a balanced equation, this reaction would be 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 2KNO3 + PbI2. Weighing both the reactants and the product showed that the mass of the reactants, with the apparatus, was 140. 26 grams. The mass of the product, with the apparatus, was also 140. 6 grams the product of this reaction had the same mass as the reactants. These results were expected, based on the Law of Conservation of Mass. The Law of Conservation of Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The application of the Law of Conservation of Mass heart that the mass of products in a chemical reaction will equal the mass of the reactants, and this is consistent with the results of the first experiment. Part 2 Several qualitative observations determined that a chemical reaction took place the product bubbled, and a gas was produced.The chemical equation for this reaction is CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + H2O + CO2. Put into a word equation, the equation would be acetic acid + sodium bicarbonate Sodium acetate + water + carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide being a gas. Because a gas is comprise on the product side of the equation but not on the reactant side, the gas has been produced, which is evidence of a chemical reaction. Weighing the reactants and products showed that the combined mass of the reactants was 15. 30 grams. The combined mass of the products was 14. 8 grams, weighing just about less than the reactants. This result was expected, because it is consistent with the Law of Conservation of Mass. Although the product weighed on the scale showed a slightly lower mass, this was because the carbon dioxide was a gas, and was not accounted for on the scale. To achieve better results and gain an accurate measurement of the products combined mass, it would be necessary to capture the gas and weigh it as well. Part 3 Extension For the chemical reaction AgNO3 + NaCl NaNO3 + AgCl, the total molecular mass of the reactants would be 228. grams silver nitrate (AgNO3) would have a mass of 169. 9 grams, and sodium chloride (NaCl) would have a mass of 58. 5 grams. Based on the experiments performed in the lab, and the Law of Conservation of Mass, it is expected that the mass of the products would be 228. 4 grams as well. This prediction can be proved by finding the molecular mass of the reactions products multiply the mass number of each atom by the number of said atom, and add the amounts to determine the total mass of sodium nitrate and silver chloride, the products. ConclusionUsing qualitative and quantitative analysis, it was determined that reactions took place in each portion of the lab the first between potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate the second between sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid. In each section, the reactions were evidenced by several qualitative observations. When potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate were combined, a change of colour occurred in the reactant and a precipitate was formed. This is evidence of a chemical change. When acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate were combined, a gas was pr oduced also evidence of a chemical reaction.In the experiments, the Law of Conservation of Mass was discovered. The quantitative evidence in each section proved this law. In the first experiment, the mass of the products was equal to the mass of the reaction, indicating that matter was not created or destroyed in the reaction. The results of the second reaction showed a decrease in the mass of the product however, this was only because the gas formed in the reaction could not be weighed. cover Much of the ease of our current lifestyle is due to the availability of fresh air, pure water and access to resources all of which are almost entirely taken from the environment.When fossil fuels like coal and oil are mined and utilize, the result is a huge negative impact on the many aspects of the environment, and as a direct consequence, our lifestyles. Coal and oil have to be extracted from deep under the earth, transported, and burned. At each stage of this process, greenhouse gases i . e. , carbon dioxide are produced. Burning is oddly bad for the environment when burned, fossil fuels like coal and oil release mass amounts of carbon, which then combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. course credits University of Washington.Chemical Reactions an Introduction. http//depts. washington. edu/chemcrs/bulkdisk/chem110A_aut01/notes_Week_5. pdf (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). Science Daily. Science Reference Chemical Compound. http//www. sciencedaily. com/articles/c/chemical_compound. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). American University. Oil Production and Environmental Damage. http//www1. american. edu/ted/projects/tedcross/xoilpr15. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). Chem Professor. Reactants and Products. http//www. chemprofessor. com/outline7b. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012).

How Many Miles to Babylon?

How many miles to Babylon? Alec Moore Narrator Frederick Moore take to Alec Mrs. Moore Mother to Alec Jerry Crowe Fri overthrow to Alec Mrs. Crowe Mother to Jerry Major Glendinning Comm culmination Officer to Jerry and Alec in the army. General Points main(prenominal) Theme be hunch overd vs. Hatred Reflects different stages of Narrator Development Theres a continual stream of consciousness, no chapters Ireland France Love of country unemotional love of duty of power and wealth narcisstic love (love of self) Theme and Issues context the Scene Alec Narrates his tale of a loveless child, leaving him passionless and scarred fell father, manipulative and hateful He was unceasingly goaded by his beautiful incur Mrs. Moores beauty contrasted to her vindictive somebodyality. Shes bustling and dismissive (passionless) house with no affefction The dining room in the daytime was unwelcoming Relationship with his pay back Described through an experience w hen he seen his come nutrition the swans, thinking she was some other woman for a split second, and felt love for her.This shows us that he doesnt know his mother that well, mistaking her for another person but as well as that he only feels love for her when she is perceived as someone else. Compargond to Christys love with his mother in My left foot he has a continuous plutonic love for her. Mrs. Moores human relationships be meaning less and without power. She feels she is not capable of love as they are never aloud the license to experience it themselves. She has been taught only the proper etiquette of the wealthy at the experience of wealthy needs.The mother is greedy of Alecs father and their relationship. She is again jealous of Alecs ontogenesis relationships, such with Jerry, but in addition is worried what other people may think of a spunkyer secern boy, being friends with a lower score boy. Therefore, she wants to destroy it. She removes Alec from school, just so she wont be left merely in the day. This is too a way for her to put on got to her husband, showing him that her and Alec too have a relationship, although it is fake. Relationship with Father Alec feels real affection for his father, shown in his willingly attitude to spend time with him by the fire. He loves him within the spring of duty and sensitivity. He leaves his father with loosing his only love in the family, when trade unioning the army heart rendering when he leaves. They dont display their love or intensity of feelings for one another, but it is spare e. g. when he accepts money as a gesture of love His golden earn is assumption to Alec metaphorically construeed as the beating of his heart. It will cheer him from dangerImage of Women as hateful figures The mother sees Alecs decision to join the army as a personal triumph. She doesnt have worries nigh the probable loss of her sons life at struggle, but kind of begins to enjoy the benevolen ce of her peers that she will receive from having her son at war. Jerry and Alec ridicule their hypocritical mothers as a display of grief as they go to war Alec makes fun of his mother for her intensity towards him, showing us that he doesnt take her seriously. War as an image of hatred The topic of war, adds a comprehend of horror The confederacy depicts a metaphorical journey for these characters from a debased nation of love in Alec to the trenches. The trenches are described as a strong-arm representation of humanity without the power of love. It depicts the true meaning of evil and hate in contrast to love. Major Glendinning He never shows remorse he shows preciseness and dispassion by the murder of Gloucesters Regiment This illustrates the breakdown of the inherent moral code in humanity When Alec requests leave for Jerry he shows compassion ill-considered Aspect to Jerry Crowes character.Contrary to loving nature Jerry Crowe He abides by his sense of filial duty (wanting to find his father) His character brings out the true Alec Moore, makes him find himself. The reunion of Jerry and Alec at the decision of the myth is moving When Jerry is found, he is put into a detention camp, and declares he loves his country than his King. It is love that is the death of Jerry Crowe. When Alec pulls the trigger, it is none of murder, but prudence his friend from a brutal death. After the death of Jerry, Alec finds no love in his life. He withdraws from life after his death.Cultural Con schoolbook the world in which the novel is set lay in Ireland and focuses on the semipolitical conflict around the time of the flag-waving(a) movement and the First World War. Also conflicts between the fastness and lower class in Ireland (classification) Alec Moore draws the reader into the story of his life by focusing on the rituals of his parents lives, his early childishness, education and his friendship with Jerry Crowe all the ways that he s ees his own life. The main way we see the cultural differences in Jerry and Alec is through their language and colloquialisms. Alecs wealth is illustrated through his life setting .. a high curtained windowpane in which I could see as I went up the reflection of walls, the pictures, the polished banisters, the three altered heads, the crossed pikes, and a bracing of beautifully tail silver swords Alecs Experience in childhood His portrayal of his early childhood is harrowing. Mrs. Moores try to destroy the natural instincts of childhood are straightforward from her refusal to allow Alec to go to school, her interference in his friendship with Jerry and her dismissal of his piano teacher. Her interference is the source of Alecs shyness and isolation. His relationship is distort as his mother uses him as a means of avoiding direct contact with her husband who neglects the important aspects of his development as he is a moral coward who has been bullied by his wife. Alec is used resembling a pawn by his mother to undermines her husbands sourceity You never speak without authority.. you never sound as if you knew what you were talk of the town about. You have always been an ineffective man pg. 30 Mrs. Moore as an image of upper class We are shown this through Alecs narrative that she is a reprehensible and peevish mother Her parental instincts are over-shadowed by her selfishness Her physical beauty is juxtaposed with her deformed nature. Johnston uses her to reflect the prejudicious aspect of upper class society. Her desire to be regarded as a woman of enculturation and breeding is illustrated by her refined eating and drinking, her piano playing and her dress code. Mr. Moore as a Father figure He has more of a relationship with Alec then the mother, shown by his scepticism about Jerry and Alecs friendship. The Father is weak, his example of adult behaviour is puzzling for his children. He end not be considered as a role model for Al ec because of his flaws. The Friendship of Alec and Jerry Alecs childhood salvation comes from Jerry Crowe, he would have been very lonely without him, and wouldnt have experienced his rejuvenation of childhood without him Ironically, Jerrys childhood was one of a bad experience, similar to Alecs may have been what makes their friendship so solid. It is Jerrys boisterous character that carries Alec through his awful home life His humour and attitude, allows Alec to manifest a reasonable perspective about his own prospective and society Their conversations are subtle reflections of the time in which they live The Germans are going to fix all those eejits in Europe, The British are going to fix the Germans, and wewe are going to fix the British The strength of their friendship survives the corrosion of class consciousness Proven by Alecs unalterable support of Jerry, especially in the army.Alecs Education He lacks the encouragement needed from his parents, particularly fr om his mother to spur him to academic success. His mother is a authoritative part in teaching him the piano, since dismissing Mr. Cave, although she does not keep her promise. She deprives him from going away to school as she cannot bear being left alone with his father. The Irish nationalist Cause Jerrys recruitment to the army, is only for him to learn how to handle ammunition for the nationalist cause in Ireland, not for the desire to protect the English. The illustrates the nature of Irish society in the early part of the twentieth century where a small number of nationalists wanted to recreate a culture which was severly curtailed since the penal period. The paralleling of the nationalist movement in Ireland with the First World War illustrates two examples of the degeneration of society in violence. Portrayal of Women It is unflattering and prejudicial The author illustrates the lack of maternal nurturing which indicates the dysfunctional nature of society. Mrs Moore and Mrs Crowe deprive their sons of love, care and happiness making decisions that are contrary to the moral well being of their sons. They both represent each end of society and class, yet both have the same role as mothers. Portrayal of Men A portrayal of disconcert Alecs introduction is unbiassed and amoral who rejects the solace of religion Alec and Jerry are most admirable in their childhood, and they earn the readers respect through their loyalty to one another. The ambiguous ending of the novel suspends their credibleness as full rounded characters and infers their symbolic function in the story. The other men are not symbolic as expansive figures (Major Glendinning, Jerrys father, Mr. Moore) Instead, they are portrayed as ineffectual men enwrapped by their social position or as hard hearted, condescending automations. Setting of the Novel The setting is varied, begins with Alecs detention in France, and reverts to his childhood in Co.Wicklow moves between Dublin , Belfast, England and France. With each change of setting, the reader is brought deeper into the impending doom with awaits Alec and Jerry. The move from Ireland to France also propels the protagonist from the domestic, political disharmony of his own country into the European fray so that the scale of the violence and cruelty of Alecs early experiences is magnified beyond himself to thousands of other people.How Many Miles To BabylonThe same cannot be said for How Many Miles to Babylon, which ends in a pessimistic and gloomy scene. Alec Moore is awaiting execution, as the novel comes full circle. He is given a pen and paper because he is an officer and a gentleman. He has nothing to do but wait. Alec refused to kill Jerry by firing squad, so in a sense, he asserted his own humanity in the face of war. However, this noble act is detrimental, as this act of compassion tragically be him his life.Johnstons outlook is in keeping with the sombre vision of the whole novel dark, pessi mistic and undeniably tragic. The central characters and key relationships within a text are extremely important to our actualiseing of the widely distributed vision and viewpoint. They allow us to see how the actions of another person can have a irresponsible or negative impact on the life of the protagonist. The relationship between Alec and his mother Alicia in How Many Miles to Babylon is characterised by a lack of communication and affection.Alicia uses Alec as an extension of her own ego. He is not appreciated as an individual with individual needs and desires. She only cares that he conforms to her expectations. There is no real affection to their relationship which is cold and stifling. As well as restricting Alecs relationship with Jerry Crowe, Alicia overpowers his relationship with Frederick. Alec cannot do anything without the consideration of his mother.Their relationship is presented in a negative light and Johnston, in a sense, caricatures Alicia to reflect the d ark and negative aspects of the upper class. Alicia has a desire to be regarded as a woman of culture and intelligence, which is evident through her piano playing and refined eating rituals, but her actions are a departure from normal maternal practices. Alec feels unloved and unappreciated. The mother-son relationship is so important in How Many Miles to Babylon because not only does it portray a dark outlook on life, but is also a catalyst for the main plot.The general vision and viewpoint of a text expresses the authors or directors optimistic or pessimistic outlook on life. It also enables us to establish a greater understanding of the characters and allows us to empathise with them. The outlook can be either bright or dark, or then a combination of brightness and darkness and as we become more aware of this outlook as the plot develops, we can more effectively understand the situation of the protagonist within the narrative.How Many Miles to Babylon?How many miles to Babylon? Alec Moore Narrator Frederick Moore Father to Alec Mrs. Moore Mother to Alec Jerry Crowe Friend to Alec Mrs. Crowe Mother to Jerry Major Glendinning Commending Officer to Jerry and Alec in the army. General Points Main Theme Love vs. Hatred Reflects different stages of Narrator Development Theres a continuous stream of consciousness, no chapters Ireland France Love of country passionless love of duty of power and wealth narcisstic love (love of self) Theme and IssuesSetting the Scene Alec Narrates his tale of a loveless child, leaving him emotionless and scarred cruel mother, manipulative and hateful He was always goaded by his beautiful mother Mrs. Moores beauty contrasted to her vindictive personality. Shes swift and dismissive (passionless) Home with no affefction The dining room in the daytime was unwelcoming Relationship with his mother Described through an experience when he seen his mother feeding the swans, thinking she was another woman for a split second, and felt love for her.This shows us that he doesnt know his mother that well, mistaking her for another person but also that he only feels love for her when she is perceived as someone else. Compared to Christys love with his mother in My left foot he has a continuous plutonic love for her. Mrs. Moores human relationships are meaning less and without power. She feels she is not capable of love as they are never aloud the freedom to experience it themselves. She has been taught only the proper etiquette of the wealthy at the experience of wealthy needs.The mother is jealous of Alecs father and their relationship. She is again jealous of Alecs developing relationships, such with Jerry, but also is worried what other people may think of a higher class boy, being friends with a lower class boy. Therefore, she wants to destroy it. She removes Alec from school, just so she wont be left alone in the day. This is also a way for her to get to her husband, showing him that her a nd Alec also have a relationship, although it is fake. Relationship with Father Alec feels real affection for his father, shown in his willingly attitude to spend time with him by the fire. He loves him within the bounds of duty and sensitivity. He leaves his father with loosing his only love in the family, when joining the army heart rendering when he leaves. They dont display their love or intensity of feelings for one another, but it is evident e. g. when he accepts money as a gesture of love His golden watch is given to Alec Metaphorically represented as the beating of his heart. It will protect him from dangerImage of Women as hateful figures The mother sees Alecs decision to join the army as a personal triumph. She doesnt have worries about the probable loss of her sons life at war, but instead begins to enjoy the sympathy of her peers that she will receive from having her son at war. Jerry and Alec ridicule their hypocritical mothers as a display of grief as they go to war Alec makes fun of his mother for her intensity towards him, showing us that he doesnt take her seriously. War as an image of hatred The topic of war, adds a sense of horror The combination depicts a metaphorical journey for these characters from a debased nation of love in Alec to the trenches. The trenches are described as a physical representation of humankind without the power of love. It depicts the true meaning of evil and hate in contrast to love. Major Glendinning He never shows remorse he shows precision and dispassion by the murder of Gloucesters Regiment This illustrates the breakdown of the inherent moral code in humanity When Alec requests leave for Jerry he shows compassion Paradoxical Aspect to Jerry Crowes character.Contrary to loving nature Jerry Crowe He abides by his sense of filial duty (wanting to find his father) His character brings out the true Alec Moore, makes him find himself. The reunion of Jerry and Alec at the finality of the novel i s moving When Jerry is found, he is put into a detention camp, and declares he loves his country than his King. It is love that is the death of Jerry Crowe. When Alec pulls the trigger, it is none of murder, but saving his friend from a brutal death. After the death of Jerry, Alec finds no love in his life. He withdraws from life after his death.Cultural Context the world in which the novel is set Set in Ireland and focuses on the political conflict around the time of the nationalist movement and the First World War. Also conflicts between the upper and lower class in Ireland (classification) Alec Moore draws the reader into the story of his life by focusing on the rituals of his parents lives, his early childhood, education and his friendship with Jerry Crowe all the ways that he sees his own life. The main way we see the cultural differences in Jerry and Alec is through their language and colloquialisms. Alecs wealth is illustrated through his life setting .. a high cur tained window in which I could see as I went up the reflection of walls, the pictures, the polished banisters, the three altered heads, the crossed pikes, and a pair of beautifully chased silver swords Alecs Experience in childhood His portrayal of his early childhood is harrowing. Mrs. Moores try to destroy the natural instincts of childhood are evident from her refusal to allow Alec to go to school, her interference in his friendship with Jerry and her dismissal of his piano teacher. Her interference is the source of Alecs shyness and isolation. His relationship is distorted as his mother uses him as a means of avoiding direct contact with her husband who neglects the important aspects of his development as he is a moral coward who has been bullied by his wife. Alec is used like a pawn by his mother to undermines her husbands authority You never speak without authority.. you never sound as if you knew what you were talking about. You have always been an ineffective man pg. 3 0 Mrs. Moore as an image of upper class We are shown this through Alecs narrative that she is a cruel and peevish mother Her maternal instincts are over-shadowed by her selfishness Her physical beauty is juxtaposed with her deformed nature. Johnston uses her to reflect the negative aspect of upper class society. Her desire to be regarded as a woman of culture and breeding is illustrated by her refined eating and drinking, her piano playing and her dress code. Mr. Moore as a Father figure He has more of a relationship with Alec then the mother, shown by his scepticism about Jerry and Alecs friendship. The Father is weak, his example of adult behaviour is confusing for his children. He can not be considered as a role model for Alec because of his flaws. The Friendship of Alec and Jerry Alecs childhood salvation comes from Jerry Crowe, he would have been very lonely without him, and wouldnt have experienced his rejuvenation of childhood without him Ironically, Jerrys childho od was one of a bad experience, similar to Alecs may have been what makes their friendship so solid. It is Jerrys boisterous character that carries Alec through his awful home life His humour and attitude, allows Alec to manifest a reasonable perspective about his own future and society Their conversations are subtle reflections of the time in which they live The Germans are going to fix all those eejits in Europe, The British are going to fix the Germans, and wewe are going to fix the British The strength of their friendship survives the corrosion of class consciousness Proven by Alecs constant support of Jerry, especially in the army.Alecs Education He lacks the encouragement needed from his parents, particularly from his mother to spur him to academic success. His mother is a crucial part in teaching him the piano, since dismissing Mr. Cave, although she does not keep her promise. She deprives him from going away to school as she cannot bear being left alone with his fat her. The Irish Nationalist Cause Jerrys recruitment to the army, is only for him to learn how to handle ammunition for the nationalist cause in Ireland, not for the desire to protect the English. The illustrates the nature of Irish society in the early part of the twentieth century where a small number of nationalists wanted to recreate a culture which was severly curtailed since the penal period. The paralleling of the nationalist movement in Ireland with the First World War illustrates two examples of the degeneration of society in violence. Portrayal of Women It is unflattering and prejudicial The author illustrates the lack of maternal nurturing which indicates the dysfunctional nature of society. Mrs Moore and Mrs Crowe deprive their sons of love, care and happiness making decisions that are contrary to the moral well being of their sons. They both represent each end of society and class, yet both have the same role as mothers. Portrayal of Men A portrayal of disconce rt Alecs introduction is apathetic and amoral who rejects the solace of religion Alec and Jerry are most admirable in their childhood, and they earn the readers respect through their loyalty to one another. The ambiguous ending of the novel suspends their credibility as full rounded characters and infers their symbolic function in the story. The other men are not symbolic as heroic figures (Major Glendinning, Jerrys father, Mr. Moore) Instead, they are portrayed as ineffectual men enwrapped by their social position or as hard hearted, condescending automations. Setting of the Novel The setting is varied, begins with Alecs detention in France, and reverts to his childhood in Co.Wicklow moves between Dublin, Belfast, England and France. With each change of setting, the reader is brought deeper into the impending doom with awaits Alec and Jerry. The move from Ireland to France also propels the protagonist from the domestic, political disharmony of his own country into the Europ ean fray so that the scale of the violence and cruelty of Alecs early experiences is magnified beyond himself to thousands of other people.

Urban Farming in New York

Ilona Mukhisnova ENG 1101 10/22/2012 Prof. Alatriste Home Paper 2 Argumentative Essay urban Farming for Providing NYC with a Sustainable fodder System ?Nowadays, a life in a huge megalopolis like spic-and-span York can be very advantageous for a person in things like an easy access to business, culture, politics, and entertainment. However, live in the big urban center can has its own negative sides. Scott Stringer, in the report Food NYC A blueprint for Sustainable Food System points out serious nutrition and pollution issues in the city.Indeed, thither are a lot of problems that New Yorkers have to fount with, but a lack of affordable and healthy sustenance is one of things that the Citys residents suffer most from. The report contains ideas and recommendations that New York can survey to balance health, economic, and environmental needs. According to the report, it could be reached by changing processes of producing and consumption of food such as the expend of efficient and energy-saving technologies which whitethorn lead to trim NYCs GHG emissions.I think that sustainable food system could be developed by means of promotion of local agriculture and encouraging residents and businesses to consume locally produced food. ?There are a lot of problems that make the developing of local agriculture in the city touchy. One of such problems is the high CO2 production. In his report, Stringer says that the city has committed to reducing its GHG emissions by 30 percent by the year 2030, if it sticks to Mayor Bloombergs PlaNYC initiative.However, a lot of people think that its really a low percentage of improvements for almost twenty-year period, but I believe that its way better than no improving at all, and that theres some other ways to improve the environmental situation the city. One of the ways to reduce such problems as CO2 emission is to ontogenesis the number of parks and gardens in the city. According to Stringers report, some people consider g ardens as a transitional use of priming, available until the priming coat is make up for urban development. I find this point of view wrong, as these green oases in the middle of the concrete jungles champion to keep our city healthier by both absorbing carbon through photosynthesis and, thus, preserving the environment and being a place for community activities. Lubie Grujicic-Alatriste, the author of the article New York City Community Gardens Are in Full Bloom, says community gardens bring so much needed relief from urban pollution. I agree with the authors view that local residents help in maintaining community gardens are one of the best examples of peoples efforts to save the green plots of land, and this, most importantly, can help decrease the negative impacts of food sector. ?One of the biggest stoppers of developing urban agriculture in New York City is a lack of available for gardening and farming lands. In a built-up city like New York, the demand on land is great.Th ere are some groups of people such as construction companies who are against securing the Citys land for agriculture purposes. They all need land for developing new projects and getting large profit. I think the City administration should create proper mandate to regulate the Citys land use and protect existing parks and gardens from being replaced with buildings. Also, the land demand keeps the prices on land extremely high, what makes it difficult to do business by growing fruits and vegetables farms profits not always can cover the costs of production.Danielle Sonnenberg writes in her article Interest Grows in Urban Farms Citys Green Movement Has Ear of Wall Street that real estate costs are high, and that the City and community organizations should join on the interest of Wall Street to invest in urban farming. The author points out that agriculture companies like NewSeed Advisors and Gotham Greens find urban farming profitable. Examples of these companies register that proj ects like hydroponic greenhouse are actually commercially viable. That makes Wall Street consider urban farming as a good starting time of investment. All of the above reasons bring us to the point that we should consider new ways of city farming. According to the Food NYC, urban agricultural growth may be achieved by considering opportunities of using of underutilized spaces, such as rooftops, basements, or warehouses. In the article Huge Rooftop Farm is Set for Brooklyn, which appeared in the New York Times on April 5th, 2012, the author (Lisa W.Foderato) tells about a new project of Bright Farms, a private company that develop greenhouses, the worlds largest rooftop farm in old Park, Brooklyn. The farm is going to work on the hydroponic technology, vegetables are going to be grown in water rather than soil. Rooftop farms are not a novelty for New York there are already farms in Long Island City, the Greenpoint, etc. Thus, the development of alternative urban farms may encour age city residents to consume locally produced food.The financial backing and developing untraditional type of urban farming will bring affordable fresh produce to the Citys counters. Locally produced food with the use of modern technology can improve the overall health of the Citys population, lower the foods costs, and reduce negative environmental impact. Securing the land for parks and gardens use can also improve NYC environment. Promoting urban agriculture and encouraging residents to consume locally produced food can help the City Government to provide New Yorkers with sustainable food system.

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Essay

As he is or so to clasp her he feels a stunning blow upon the rear of the neck a blinding white light blazes each(prenominal) around him with a sound like the shock of a cannonthen all is darkness and silence. Ambrose Bierce has a unique instruction of captivating readers attention and it is perfectly shown in his short explanation An Occurrence at schnoz brook Bridge. The story tells about a man in southern Alabama during the elegant War, which is about to be hanged by a group of Union soldiers.This man to be hanged is identified as a gentleman named Peyton Farquhar who attempted to destroy the Owl Creek Bridge, the same one they atomic number 18 standing on. Suddenly, the get snaps and he falls into the river where he somehow manages to swim ashore in order to evasion from the Union soldiers. As he pulls himself ashore, he now starts the long journey home. After walking all day and night without feeling the road mode beneath his feet he arrives home and as he is about to hug his wife, he feels a strong pain in his neck and hears a loud noise.Farquhar was now dead by hanging, and all of his escape was just a dream of his. It is set in the Owl Creek Bridge in Alabama where Peyton Farquhar is about to be hanged early in the morning. The unit story happens just in one day, even though the author mentions flashbacks of Peytons past. On one side of the creek there is forest and on the other is a group of Union Soldiers. There is a cannon hiding in a line of trees and the soldiers are preparing to execute Farquhar with a rope around his neck.There is only one main character in the story and three secondary characters. Peyton Farquhar is a plantation owner who comes from a soaked family from the south. However he is a strong supporter of the Southern cause. He is arrested and is to be hanged by the Union soldiers because he attempted to destroy Owl Creek Bridge so that the Union soldiers wouldnt pass by his hometown. There is alike Mrs. Farquhar, Peytons wife who was a small but significant affair in the story. She is the one who alerts Peyton of the arrival of the Union soldiers to their town.The groups of Union soldiers include executioners, a Lieutenant who gives the final orders there are sentinels, officers and also soldiers along the shore. There is also a Union Scout, which is mentioned in one of Farquhars flashback, who is a soldier that rides onto Farquhars plantation asking for a glass of water wearing companion gray. He later on turns out to be the one who warns the Union soldiers about Farquhars plan to burn down Owl Creek Bridge. The story is divided in three move.None of them are written in first person. Most of the story is told in a third person prognosticate of view. The storyteller can observe events but cannot enter the mind of ant character and cannot change ant of his or her thoughts. However in some parts of the story, the write up changes to omniscient third person point of view. We know this because the author takes the reader inside Farquhars mind to show how his mind interprets reality. When it comes to talking about the theme, Peyton Farquhar denies reality. He avoids it.This is why he enters into the delusional state of mind. While being hanged he dreams that he escapes after the weight of hes body breaks the rope and he swims to safety, and long after he returns to his home. Even though this dream lasts only seconds, in Farquhars mind it lasts the whole day. This could be a way of the author to say that Farquhar refuses to accept the reality that is going on during the civil war, where even gentlemen like him who support the Southern cause can be victims of what the cruel Union soldiers can do.The story was published in 1891 right after the civil war in the United States of America. Bierce tries to express how the cruelty took place during the age of the Civil war, how slaves were treated and condemned. By Farquhars character Bierce expresses how anybody who opposed the Uni on to support the Southern cause was seen as a rebellious person no matter his social position. There is a controversy between critics when it comes to categorizing this short story into a literary form. Some critics say that the story is a narration it has a beginning, a middle and an end.However some critics believe that because of the ending, the story is more of a thriller, suspense or even mystery. Bierce uses a unique way to shift from different tones during the story. He changes from an authorial realistic voice, to a fantastic tone in order to immerse into Farquhars mind. An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge is a very interesting story with a surprising twist. Ambrose Bierce uses many different techniques to show the reader how brutal and savage the Civil war was like and how people was treated. This short story changed the American culture.

Current provision and practice Essay

Each one of the proto(prenominal) years educators has sword coqueted an important contribution in setting the worlds that is the basis of the main computer programmes and foundation frame plows in schools to sidereal day. Maria Montessori believed in independence in nurseries and that nestlingren should be taught to custom their senses basic rather than just educating their intellect with subjects much(prenominal) as maths and science. These of course came later in the clawrens education but the main focus inwardly her nurseries was to come observational skills finished the environment and call foring outdoors, and to provide the baby birdren with cargonfully organised preparatory activities rather than repetition as a means of growing competence in skills. Montessori believed children should be upgraded to take responsibility for their own ascertaining, enabling them to become more independent.The commandment practices of Maria Montessori confine been highly a uthoritative on up-to-the-minute practice as m whatsoever specialised Montessori nurseries atomic number 18 lively running up and down the country. They promote her class of independency and use many of her approaches to practice such as the image that the childs freedom, dignity and independence are of paramount importance. In a typical Montessori nursery there is a general atmosphere of children doing things for themselves carefully and competently carrying furniture, setting tables, pouring drinks, washing their happens and following activities which absorb and interest them. This is, in few personal manners, a very different method to the practices apply in government run nurseries etc. as they follow a more standard programme where reading and writing are encouraged more formally and encyclopedism plans set out at an early age. Some of this practice is reflected at bottom my flowing placement by dint of with(predicate) the childrens play such as tidying away (p) independently at the end of activities and creation responsible for making sure toys are put away before a new activity is begun. In my placement, when the children are told it is tidy up condemnation they know they need to put everything away and essential help unsnarl up until the room is tidy. The practitioners join in with the tidying but do not do it for the children, so they are leading by example but are still allowing the children to think for themselves and take responsibility for putting away their own play equipment. During snack time I have as well witnessed the children carrying their own chairs with if they are a few chairs short in the hall. This knuckle unders the children a sense of independence and is also a good way of ontogenesis their gross motor skills and co-ordination. In the key stage 1 classes children are encouraged to pour their own drinks and are given small jobs such as handing out the lunchboxes and folders at lunchtime and the end of the day . These are just a few ways that the children are encouraged to be independent within the school day as well as managing their own hygiene and dressing/undressing independently for a physical education activity.Part of the stepping stones within the foundation stage state that children should be encouraged to dress and undress independently and select and use activities and resources independently, which is exactly what I have witnessed in my previous and accepted placements. The birth to three matters framework has a similar view on independency as the emotional well- creation guidelines for a child focuses on developing healthy independence e.g. activities which provide small steps to be achieved will support all children, including those with disabilities, thus reducing frustration and supporting them to become independent. These imbibe guidelines from the various frameworks and curriculums undoubtedly show the positive effect Maria Montessori has had on electric current pract ice, and that her theories have been widely acknowledged within t from each oneing practice today.Rudolf Steiner set up the Waldorf schools where the main consideration is around practical activities that develop the mind and the imagination. The types of activities that Steiner introduced in his schools were things such as knitting, weaving, vie a musical theater instrument, woodcarving and painting. These are very much practical based activities and many are still carried on in schools today such as learning to play an instrument. This is seen as an important activity for children in the early years and lessons and clubs for this are seen as mainstream activities. Steiner believed that education should be designed to suit the changing demand of a child as they develop mentally, physically and emotionally.This fag end be seen in the current practices and provisions as there are different levels and stages of which a child can progress through at their own pace, such as the stepp ing stones in the birth to three matters and foundation stage curriculum. Each individual child is encouraged within their own abilities to progress with their education and onto the next levels of development and learning withintodays practices, and Steiners approach has therefore been authoritative on many areas of the early years education. His ideas on allowing children to be taught by the same teacher for up to seven years have been take in some ways by secondary schools as a class is given the same form tutor for up to five years and therefore an other(a) for two years if they progress to higher education. He believed this was an effective way of giving children stability within schools, and the tutors would almost be akin main carers for the children until they left school.Friedrich Froebels kindergarten is the modern day nursery, playgroup or parent and toddlers group. He wanted parents to be fully involved with their childrens learning and play an active role in their c hilds educational development. This was an important feature of Froebels vision and can be seen in current practices through parent/teacher evenings and the various reports and progress write ups that are sent home to parents from early years settings.The placement I am currently with convey home termly reports explaining to parents and carers how their child is doing with regards to education and also to their social, emotional and physical well-organism. Froebel believed the role of the mother was to recognise their childs capacity for learning and wanted to encourage the parents to support the children with this, and as you can see from the current approaches to this in early years settings his work has helped to develop the understanding of the importance of the role of a childs family in their learning and nurturing. This is now very much reflected in the governments recent every parent matters agenda.He also believed children learn through coordinate play at their readiness, in an organised and prepared learning environment. This is similar to the guidelines of the curriculums and frameworks we use today as children are taught through structured activities that are carried out in stimulating environments. The fact that activities and play is structured benefits the teachers immensely as they will always have a clear view of what they need to be teaching the children, and when and where they should be learning specific things. They are also able to plan the day effectively and help each child reach their early learning goals. Structured play benefits thechildren as they need routine so they know what their day will consist of, and are also able to develop their independent learning skills within a structured, focused and supportive environment. If a childs day has routine or structure to it they are able to odor in control of themselves as they will always know what they are going to be doing, and how much time they have for indisputable activities.Th e special materials that Froebel developed to assist his activities were things such as shaped wooden bricks and balls, with which he had a linking set of theories. These types of play resources are used throughout early years settings today. The foundation stage framework states that well planned play is a key way in which children learn with enjoyment and challenge. This clearly shows that Froebel and Isaacss theories have been influential towards current practice and benefit children and teachers through the education policies. I have seen these benefits first hand within my placement. The teachers have the opportunity to plan their lessons and the activities ahead and so are able to plan time for their own personal work and preparation for other lessons into the day, and can inform the children exactly what they will be doing that day, thus giving them a clear, structured routine they can easily follow. Children are able to exact freely within play activities yet each play reso urce is chosen carefully and all of them can relate to either a certain topic they are doing ect. so the childrens learning of a certain subject can be carried on through their play.The foundation stage curriculum states that well planned play, both indoors and outdoors, is a key way in which puppylike children learn with enjoyment and challenge. Froebels theories have, from this example, been the basis of many of the curriculums ideas on play, and making it structured also allows the teachers to plan and resource a challenging environment that will extend the childrens learning. The curriculum also states that practitioners should be supporting childrens learning through planned play activities, extending and supporting childrens spontaneous play and extending and developing childrens language and chat in their play.Many of these requirements would not be possible if play was not planned or structured, as practitioners would not know what resources the children would be using dur ing the day, and so would not be able to makeassessments effectively or develop and extend the childrens learning to their full potential. Froebels theories and early years work mean practitioners and children can benefit from play immensely. Children in all areas of their development, and practitioners as it enables them to focus their assessments thus informing future planning to better meet the needs of the children.Margaret McMillan was another early years educator who has inspired and influenced many of the current provisions and practices used today. Her main speech pattern was on fresh air, put to work and nourishment, and still influences some faces of current English nursery practice. Many early years settings regard outdoor play as an important aspect of a childs learning, and gardens and play areas are available for the children at either frequent intervals throughout the day, for a substantial amount of time (as can be seen in the placement I am currently at), or cons tant access is given. McMillan recognised that imagination is good for society as a whole, an idea that is seen in the educational reforms of the 20th century, and can be clearly seen in the practices within her nurseries today.She believed that children are active learners, meaning they learn whilst doing something (usually playing), a concept that has been brought into current practices as practical activities that involve moving about or using some kind of resource, and especially general play, is now much more exclamatory in early years settings than it previously was. Rudolph Steiner also believed that practical play activities were a good developer of the imagination. His Waldorf schools concentrated on activities such as wood-work, knitting and playing musical instruments, which are now mainstream subjects in secondary and primary schools e.g. design technology, which covers all creative areas, and music.Children can develop their creativity, imagination and emotional develo pment through music as well as many other areas of personal learning. Teachers are able to apply their own skills in these creative areas and demonstrate to the children how they can achieve what they are aiming for. By seeing their teachers own personal skill first hand the children will be able to respect and learn from practitioners in a more understanding way.Susan Isaacs was also a believer that play is central to learning, and alsothat parents/carers are seen as partners, operative with teachers and their child to develop and support their childs abilities. This is similar to Froebels theories on parent/teacher relationships in the way that he saw parents as the main educators of young children. This concept is still clearly seen in the practices of early years settings as parents are encouraged to be involved in every aspect of a childs learning, and have the opportunity to work with the teacher in developing their childs abilities. This benefits the children and the parents as both can stool a bond with each other through the education of the child, and the parent will be able to understand more fully how their child learns surpass and how to encourage and support them if they are struggling.Play is still seen as central to learning and parents/carers are seen as partners in helping their child progress through the stepping stones. In my current placement children are given ample time throughout the day to have free play and choose to do any(prenominal) interests them. The day is structured (as Froebel believed it should be) so they still have time set aside for number work and writing activities, but are not pushed to fat the more intellectual side of the work as play and active learning are the most emphasised activities throughout the childrens day. This benefits the child in the way that they will have a break from concentrating on the more intellectual side of things and be able to relax, whilst still learning through structured play and vario us activities. Having the ability to choose will keep them interested in learning about writing and reading as they will feel they are not being forced to learn about them.Friedrich Froebel introduced the idea of structured play and fully involving parents with their childrens learning. His work has been extensively influential on current practice in early years settings today as the basic framework and curriculums that guide children through their learning are based around his ideas about how children should be working with their parents and how carers should be involved in all aspects of their childs learning and development through school, and how children should learn at their own pace and be guided instead of pushed towards their learning goals. The national curriculum states that teachers are required to reportannually to parents on disciples progress through their learning goals. Parents also have a say in whether their children are included in religious education classes an d trip education, and are given the right to withdraw their children from it or go to the classes with their children to guide them through it. Secondary and primary schools send home letters to parents informing them when classes such as these will be taking place, and permission slips are enclosed so the school know which children can take part in the classes and which cannot.My current placement sends home a daily report on each child so the parents can see their childs routine for the day including what they played with, how long they slept for, what and how much they ate during the day and generally how they got on. This gives the parents a clear understanding of how their child is getting on in the nursery and allows them to give feedback to the practitioners so they can work together to ensure the child is reaching their full potential in all areas of development. This clearly shows that Froebels ideology of parents being involved in childrens learning has been taken into ea rly years settings today and has had a positive effect on current learning and the guidelines in the curriculum.Parent and toddler groups are also a popular class for parents to attend when their children are young. They allow parents to be fully involved with their childs play, and as children learn most substantially through play this gives the parents a better insight as to how their children learn and what stimulates them most effectively. They can then use this knowledge to help progress their childs learning at home.The foundation stage has the same principles as the national curriculum in the way that parents are encouraged to become involved with their childs learning throughout and to work with the practitioners to extend the childrens learning both in the classroom and at home. According to the foundation stage curriculum, when parents and practitioners work together in early years settings the results have a positive impact on the childs development and learning, therefor e each setting should seek to develop an effective partnership with parents. This was one of Froebels main theorieswithin early years and so current practice has clearly been influenced by this and has expanded on his views to make sure parents, practitioners and children can benefit from his work. Practitioners can listen to any concerns parents have over their childs development and then work with them to find an appropriate solution to the problem.Froebel also recognised the importance of specific pedagogy for early childhood teachers. He believed that early years teachers needed more focused training as the early stages of a childs development and education formed the basis of their personalities and eagerness to learn in the future. This may have some contribution to the fact that early years practitioners must undergo specific training in order to become qualified to work in early years settings, such as NNEBs, NVQs and BTECs.My opinion of Froebels work and the research I hav e done on his theories is that his work has been the most influential on current practice collectible to the fact that most of his work has been combined with, and been the main basis for many of the guidelines in the curriculums and frameworks used in early years today. The emphasis on active learning is well established within early years settings, but combined with the current guidance from central government upon group meeting targets, it is indicated by the inspection of early years settings that play-based learning is not a priority, though the training of practitioners, which Froebel believed was essential, has received considerable attention in recent years, and current practice is now trying to catch up with the ideas Froebel proposed.The role of the mother in childrens learning is not as Froebel expounded due to mothers of young children being encouraged to work rather than stay at home. Teaching and nurturing children in the home is regarded as less effective or desirab le than education in more formal, out of home settings, though the parents as partners scheme initiated by the government throughout the curriculums gives parents and practitioners a way of communicating and working together to help the child, so in this way I think his ideas on parents being involved in childrens learning has been responsible for this being put into practice.Friedrich Froebels theories have, in my opinion, been the most influential on early years practitioners, and their approach to practice is guided by many of his ideas and concepts on how children should be learning. His work surrounding the kindergarten (the first form of modern day nursery) produced the framework and theories that practitioners work with and expand on in current practice and so in my opinion his work has had the most effective influence on todays early years educators and their practice, and this evidence suggests his work will cross to be explored and expanded on within the curriculums and f rameworks for years to come.BibliographyBruce T learning through play babies, toddlers and the foundation years, (2201), Hoddler and StoughtonTassoni P, BTEC early years (2nd edition), (2006) HeinemannBruce T, Time to play in early childhood education (1991), Hoddler and Stoughton

Changes in the Dynamics of Pc Industry

Core Competency (CI1) orchard orchard apple tree tree digit, pullulate and merchandise numerous growth and serve up lines. They carry on their products to raising, consumer creative professional, business and government customers. While apple seems to display numerous products and conduct business on different segments, it is legitimate to wonder what the gild is really untroubled at? Too ofttimes sort is exactly what crushed orchard apple tree during the John Scully days. Cannibalization (CI2) Through January 2005, orchard apple tree has opened 102 retail stores.Although these launches atomic number 18 potentially beneficial, orchard apple tree stores argon hurting the resellers business and not all of them will survive. Considering that the phoners resellers still depend for more than 50% of its interior(prenominal) trades, the party is facing the risk of cannibalization and readiness deeply suffer. High Cash (CI3) wherefore is apple holding so more hard ex change? Having too much property in reserve might either mean that the keep phoner does not cheat yet how to allocate it or that they whitethorn decl atomic number 18 well-nigh risk concerns about future potential investment funds.Succession (CI4) orchard apple tree is cl wee one of the handful of companies where the fortunes are seen to be intricately tied to the person in charge. The atomic number 82 quality and the visionary talents associated with Steve Jobs are certainly contributed to the success of the ac ships company. So the upstarts of Jobs cancer surgery might lead to a succession problem and via media the companys future. I. CURRENT SITUATION A. CURRENT PERFORMANCE orchard apple tree chance ond a solid performance for the first quarter of 2005 compared to the same quarter 2004 with inviolable net sales in the Americas segment (+77%) in Europe (+63%) and in Japan (+18%).The Americas segment represents approximately 47% of the companys total net sales. The inc rease in net sales in the Americas, Europe and Japan was primarily driven by increase regard of the iPod and the consumer-oriented iMAC. Demand for the iBook products were especially highschool for the Americas, while peripherals and unfermented(prenominal) hardware were more ordinary in Europe. The retail segments net sales grew to $561 one million million million as compared to $273 million in the same period in 2004, this represents a remarkable 105% increase. B. SRATEGIC POSTURE Missionorchard apple tree strives for continuous good in our environmental, health and preventative management systems and in the environmental quality of our products, processes and services. orchard apple trees Guiding Principles O Meet or exceed all applicable environmental, health and rubber requirements. O Where laws and regulations do not provide adequate controls, Apple will adopt their own standards to protect human health and the environment. O Support and invoke sound scientific princ iples and fiscally responsible public insurance policy that enhance environmental quality, health and pencil eraser.O Advocate the adoption of prudent environmental, health and safety principles and practices by their contractors, vendors and suppliers. O Communicate environmental, health and safety policies and programs to Apple employees and stakeholders. O Design, manage and operate our facilities to maximize safety, promote energy efficiency and protect the environment. O turn over to create products that are safe in their intended physical exertion, conserve energy and materials and prevent pollution throughout the product life cycle including design, manufacture, workout and end-of-life management.O figure that all employees are aware of their role and responsibility to fulfill and sustain Apples environmental, health and safety management systems and policy. Goals O Innovation to a higher place e actuallything else. O Increase sales in the education segment. O Produce user friendly, good appearance products to pull out customers think Different and think digital. O Developing spick-and-span digital life behavior consumer, and professional computer software application O Investing in new products area such as rack-mount servers, RAID storage system and wireless technologies. O Provide a high quality sales and after sales support experience. scheme Trough the design and the development of its own operational system, hardware and many software application and technologies, Apple strives to bring to its customers compelling new products and solution with superior ease-of-use, seamless integrating and innovative industrial design. Apple on-goingly foc utilise on O Increasing marketing and advertising investment in order to improve product and brand sentience. O Vertical growth dodging expand the retail segment by opening more retail stores. (CI2) O Market opportunities think to digital music distribution and consumer electronic devices, inc luding iPod.O Implement a monetary value leadership schema to keep up with the competition and be more first-class honours degree-cost for the educational segment. O Continue to be the leader in innovation for new technology by employing a product differentiation strategy. Policies Employee diversity This policy is a key component and contribute to the success of the company. We respect these differences and threat them as an additional value that we in collective in the way we treat separate and approach our customers. Therefore, Apple apply that each employee is fully responsible for recogniseing and following this policy. Substance policy O Apple comply with applicable mettle legislation worldwide. O monitor and assess new scientific findings on the environmental impact of substances employ in Apple products. O educate our ruffow chain partners and drive innovations deep down our supply chain to find alternative materials that improve environmental performance. Produc t Take-Back and Recycling Policy O Producers should provide a means to facilitate environmentally friendly recycling of their products at the end of electronic products useful life.O Consumers should select a disposal method for end-of-life electronics products that does not adversely impact the environment. O Governments should develop a reasoned framework and public policies to promote appropriate end-of-life management, including environmentally friendly disposal and recycling. O Materials generated from the recycling of our products should be used as feedstock for new products whenever possible. II. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE A. BOARD OF DIRECTORS The Board consists of 6 members, of which 5 are external directors Board Member-Occupation Audit and Finance citizens committee Nominating CommitteeCompensation Committee pull up stakesiam l V. dwellbellChairman Intuit, Inc C Ccc Millard S. DexlerChairman and CEOJ. Crew C C Albert Gore, Jr. gradationer Vice President of the US C C Steve JobsCEO and Co-founderApple ComputerChairman and CEOPixar Arthur D. LevinsonChairman and CEOGenentech, Inc C Ccc Jerome B. YorkCEOHarwinton Capital Corporation Ccc cc=Chairperson C=Member *Audit and committees members are used to ensure feed O.K. and monitor instruction exe stingerion and compliance. Steve Jobs Co-founder of Apple in 1976, he has played an important role in the development of the personal computer.He alike co-founded NeXT Software, inc. and served as CEO until 1997 when NeXT was acquired by Apple. conductor since 1997 and currently CEO of Apple and Pixar Animation Studios, Jobs is viewed as a key character for the company. However his strong voice and personality in spite of appearance the company could go away him the power to sway the come along. (internal) (Advantage/Conflict? ) CI4 William V. Campbell Director of Apple since 1997, he was also the former CEO and president of Intuit, Inc. Mr. Campbell also serves on the board of directors of Opsware, Inc.His experience and knowledge in business, finance and technology might be valuable for the company, however, he is in direct competition with Apple in the sale of software such as Quickbook. (External) (Conflict) Millard S. Dexler Director of Apple since 1999, he has been Chairman and boss Executive ships officer of J. Crew Group, Inc. since March 2003. Previously, Mr. Drexler was Chief Executive ships officer of Gap Inc. from 1995 and President from 1987 until kinsfolktember 2002. (External) Albert Gore, Jr Director since 2003, he was a former Vice President of the United States of America.He has remained an active leader in technology, launching a public/private effort to wire every classroom and library in America to the Internet. Therefore, Gore plays a key role in the implementation of Apples products in the educational segment. (External) ( profit) Arthur D. Levinson Director since 2000, he has been President, Chief Executive Officer and a director of Genentech Inc. since Jul y 1995. Mr. Levinsons experience could benefit apple but his interest may be somewhere else. (External) (Advantage/Conflict? ) Jerome B. York Director since 1997, he is also a director of Tyco International Ltd. nd Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. Previously, Mr. York was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of MicroWarehouse, Inc. , a reseller of computer hardware, software and peripheral products and he also served as a ripened Vice President and Chief monetary Officer of IBM Corporation. Mr. Yorks experience in the computer perseverance might be a big pro for the company. (External) ( Advantage) The Board of Apple is composed of a very diverse group of professionals who bring valuable expertise in the areas of technology, biotechnology, finance, turnaround strategies, retail business management, etc.The backgrounds and current independent positions of these members provide a wealth of knowledge and a vicissitude of business perspectives for Apple. However the external activities of some of the members of the board might also be a source of conflict for the company. B. expire Management & Management Style 1) Fred D. Anderson-Executive Vice President and CFO 2) Timothy D. Cook-Executive Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Operations 3) Nancy R. Heinen-Senior Vice President, General Counsel and depository 4) Ronald B. Johnson, Senior Vice President, Retail ) Peter Oppenheimer, Senior Vice President of Finance and Corporate Controller 6) Jonathan Rubinstein, Senior Vice President, computer hardware Engineering 7) Philip W. Schiller, Senior Vice President , Worldwide Product Marketing picVertrand Serlet, Ph. D. -Senior Vice President, Software Engineering 9) Sina Tamaddon, Senior Vice President, Applications 10) Avadis Tevanian, Jr. , Ph. D. -Senior Vice President, Chief Sofware applied science Officer C. Management Style Despite the fact that the company claims to have a partnership management appearance, I personally believe that Steve Jobs is leading an ent repreneurial title and highly influence the company. CI4) III. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT SCAN A. SOCIETAL ENVIRONMENT 1) Political-Legal Forces O Different countries have different legislations and these in some ways restrict the companies or give opportunities to the company. O NAFTA, European Union and early(a) regional trade open doors to market in Europe, Asia, Latin America that twisting enormous potential. O Political uncertainties caused by terrorism activities are directly impacting the overall business of the company. O The company relies on access to patent and keen property obtained from third parties.The company might unknowingly encounter infringe issues with existing patents of others. O Beatles lawsuit against the company may negatively affect the companys reputation. O The company has to comply with the environment regulations such as environment safe disposal or recycling. 2) Socio-Cultural Forces O The computer and internet engagement is growing worldwide and is a good source of opportunities for the computer industry. O Customers had survive more experienced and computer literate. O Education has become a primordial issue for the new generation, which is a key factor for the companys business. 3) EconomicO In the past year, the industry has been affected by the slow economic and that resulted in low consumer spending. However the current economy shows some sign of improvement, consumer spending and investment might increase as well. O Due to namby-pamby economic conditions, the U. S. educational is encountering large budget deficits in many states. This factor has a negative impact over Apples sales in the educational segment. O Sales of products that include components obtained from foreign suppliers can be adversely affected by currency exchange rate fluctuations and by internationalist trade regulations (tariffs and antidumping penalties). ) Technology O Technology is evolving at a rapid pace today ,and people appreciate more & more advances in their systems and are switching over to new information appliances. O Internet availability and usage is growing and leads to good opportunities for the industry. O The traditional desk kick the bucket might become outdated by the entrance of new revolutionary products. O Increasing necessary for new technology in schools and professionals. B. TASK ENVIRONMENT Threat of mod Entrants O Medium to High In the PC market any firm that discovers a new technology that is efficient in terms of outlay & performance is an immediate threat to the industry.However, Established standards, start-up costs and established brands names (Intel, Windows) are difficult to overcome for a new entrant. Threat of substitute products O High The new forms of information appliance like Digital TV / HDTV Digital set- top nook & Internet screen phones are gaining change magnitude popularity this might hamper the growth of the PC industry as a whole. talk terms power of suppliers O High Sin ce the industry is highly dependent on component suppliers, a powerful supplier could exert pressure on the market, by supplying components at a higher expense to increase his profits.Since Apple is working only with few selected suppliers, the company is streak at a higher risk than the average. Bargaining power of buyers O Low Due to high number of other suppliers in the industry the customer has the options to take the cheapest and the best. Rivalry among competition O High Competition among the giants is fierce, everyone aiming for a larger market look at ,intensive charge cuts & changes. IV. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT SCAN A. CORPORATE STRUCTURE Apple is organized along functional lines. Apple is structured primarily on a geographic basis.The companys reporting in operation(p) segment are comprised of 1. The Americas 2. Europe, Middle East and Africa 3. Japan 4. Other Asia-Pacific (Australia, Asia, and the subsidiary FileMaker, Inc. ) B. CORPORATE CULTURE O Commitment to inno vation and product quality O Dedication to hard work and education O Commitment to diversity and to empowering employees O Commitment to safety and conservation of the environment/energy Steve Jobs has a huge impact in the companys culture. Since Jobs return in 1997, the company has reinvented itself with an wander of different colors and styles of computers.The introduction of the Ipod and Itunes largely position the company as an innovative leader. C. CORPORATE RESOURCES 1. ) Marketing Mix a. ) Product Apple is committed to sell original, good looking products that have an easy-to-use inter font. The company offers a range of personal computing products, related devices and peripherals, and various third party hardware-products. In addition, the company offers software products (Mac OS X), server software and related solution professional application software and consumer, education and business oriented application software.Apple has been very innovative by finding new usages fo r its mac computer, such as desktop publishing and strong graphics/animation capabilities. The Macintoshs functionality for managing multimedia files from cameras, DV recorder and MP3 devices has been very popular and successful. The new introduction of Apples iPod and the iTune has revolutionize the digital music industry. b. ) Place Apples operating segment are comprised of O U. S. O South America O Europe O Japan O Australia. Recently Apple chose to implement a vertical growth strategy and began xpanding their own retail stores. (CI2) The company also sells its product via third-parties dealers, or via internet through their own website or through the iTune online music stores. c. ) Promotion In 2003, Apple formed a strategical alliance with PepsiCo. The Pepsi iTune euphony promotion calls for people to use the winning code found under the Pepsis bottle caps products to cede songs from Apples iTunes practice of medicine Store. This promotion has already been successful for b oth companies and increased the awareness of the iTune presence in the market.In 2003, Apple also announced a marketing partnerships With America Online that are aimed at driving iTunes use deeply into the mainstream. Apple and America Online have agreed to put iTunes buy this song buttons nigh to every song thats listed in AOLs music service, which its 25 million subscribers can access. Clicking the button will automatically launch the iTunes music nickelodeon and begin downloading the song billing will be handled through the customers existing arrangement with AOL. Apple has a joint venture with Hewlett Packard.Apple has crapd an iPod for PC users and the success of this product was a good way for the company to capture non-MAC users. The company also drew on endorsements from music stars. U2 singer Bono, rap creative person Dr. Dre and Rolling Stones singer Mick Jagger each gave a live endorsement of the iChat videoconferencing software. Singer Sarah McLachlan also appeared li ve to sing several songs and to talk about how she used the iPod. In 2005, Apple Computer has initiated a partnership with Wal-Mart that will soon see the iPod shuffle featured at Wal-Mart discount locations around the country. d. ) PriceApple price is know to be above average in the industry. The company is using a differentiation strategy and focus more on innovation, and quality. This strategy is justifying their premium prices. Lately, however, their new technology and their high cash flow allowed them to lower their price and to offer more discount to certain markets such as the education market. (CI3) This new set strategy may help Apple to better compete with the non-Mac user market but might cause some issue with the brand characterisation/recognition. 2. ) Finance The fiscal results for the fiscal 2004 fourth quarter ended family linetember 25, 2004.For the year 2004, the Company reported net income of $276 million on revenue of $8. 28 billion compared to net income of $ 69 million on revenue of $6. 21 billion in 2003. Their net income has increased 400% Sales to the education market grew 11 percent, bringing its highest quarterly total for that market in seven years. Apple has a strong balance sheet with a lot of cash (CI3), their inventories have almost double compared to the year 2003. Apple short-term debt and long-term debt have been completely paid, which is a very good advantage for the company.Apples bodily function ratios are very good and improved a lot compared to year 2003. However their ROE and ROI ratios are still low compared to the industry. Income Statement Sep 04 Sep 03 Sep 02 Revenue 8,279. 0 6,207. 0 5,742. 0 Cost of Goods Sold 5,870. 0 4,386. 0 4,021. 0 Gross Profit 2,409. 0 1,821. 0 1,721. 0 Gross Profit Margin 29. 1% 29. 3% 30. 0% Net Income After Taxes 276. 0 69. 0 65. 0 Balance Sheet Sep 04 Sep 03 Sep 02 Cash 2,969. 0 3,396. 0 2,252. 0 Net Receivables 774. 0 766. 0 565. 0 Inventories 101. 0 56. 0 45. 0 Total catamenia Asse ts 7,055. 0 5,887. 0 5,388. 0 Total Assets 8,050. 6,815. 0 6,298. 0 Accounts Payable 1,451. 0 1,154. 0 911. 0 Short-Term Debt 0. 0 304. 0 0. 0 Other Current Liabilities 1,229. 0 899. 0 747. 0 Total Current Liabilities 2,680. 0 2,357. 0 1,658. 0 Long-Term Debt 0. 0 0. 0 316. 0 Total Liabilities 2,974. 0 2,592. 0 2,203. 0 Total Equity 5,076. 0 4,223. 0 4,095. 0 proportions 2004 2003 application Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio 2. 58 2. 89 1. 33 Quick Ratio 2. 3 1. 44 1. 1 Profitability Ratios Gross Profit Margin 29. 47% 27. 52% 20. 43% Net Profit Margin 5. 20% 1. 11% 4. 53% Return on Equity (ROE) 8. 8% 1. 63% 20. 3% Return on Investment (ROI) 8. 8% 1. 1% 19. 1% Activity Ratios blood Turnover 56. 2 110. 84 81. 4 Asset Turnover 1. 2 0. 9108 1. 8 Leverage Ratio 1. 62 2. 47 3. ) Research and Development Apple consider that R&D are critical for the activity of the company. therefore, they are willing to increase investment in R&D to keep a sustainable competitive advantage in the industry. According to the companys Annual Report in 2004 In order to remain competitive, the Company believes that increased investment in research and development (R&D) is necessary in order to sustain and extend its position in the markets where it competes.The Companys R&D spending is focused on delivering timely updates and enhancements to its existing line of personal computers, displays, operating systems, software applications and portable music players developing new digital life-style consumer and professional software applications and investing in new product areas such as rack-mount servers, RAID storage systems, and wireless technologies. bran-new products are a emergency in this industry and seems to be a priority for Apple. New products are not always a success, though.This might explain why Apple seems to be so hesitant in investing its high cash flow into new projects, the company might be afraid by the potential mischance of the outcome. (CI3) 4. ) Operation and Logis tics Apple heavily rely on third-parties in the manufacturing and logistics sector. Therefore, the companys overall performance is greatly dependent on the performance of its distributors. In order to have more control over the quality of the buying experience, Apple has done continual effort to become vertically integrated during these 2 passed years.Apple work only with suppliers that meet the criteria from their policy (involve commitment to environment, safety and diversity. ) At each period the company performs a detailed review on demand forecasts, inventory, product lifecycle status. 5. ) Human Resources Management (HRM) Apple has over 13,000 employees world wide. Apple believe that employees diversity is a key component for the company success. The company expects that all employee will respect the background or cultural differences of their peers.Apple offer great benefits to its employee such has competitive pay, and compensation, insurance coverage, bonuses, substantial product discount, stock leveraging and saving/investment plan. The company offers all-level of position such as internship, part-time and entry-level for college student. 6. ) Information Systems Apple has encountered a substantial success by introducing a new digital music device called iPod that can store 1,000 songs and copy a CD in 10 seconds. The continual heavy investment in R&D allowed the company to be on the edge of new technology.Online store distribution channel has been very powerful for the company. V. mill/TOWS compendium A. prepare outline Strengths Weaknesses 1. Ease of use 2. Established in the personal computer market3. High Corporate reputation 4. Control over the product (manufacture both the computers themselves and also the operating systems which they run)5. Leader in innovation and product differentiation6. Employee diversity 7. Strategic Alliance (HP)8. Joint venture with Pepsi9. Strong steer management10. Loyal customer institute11. Creative style 1. The ease of use has led to some image issues, with some business people regarding the Macintosh as a toy. . High inventory3. Distribution problems4. high prices5. not IBM compatible, though great strides have been made in connectivity the Macintosh is not transparently compatible. 6. Declining share in educational market7. Too many product lines Opportunities Threats 1. Internet2. festering industry3. Creating new software markets and selling the hardware into these markets. 4. Demand for innovation5. Employee benefit programs6. Growing educational market (In both higher education and schooling, the Macintosh ease of use and low maintenance costs are attractive. )7. Music downloads from Itune 1.Very intense competition among the industry2. Price competition3. discharge of market share4. probable litigations5. Budget deficits in education6. Technological and prices discontinuity7. Potential increase in supplys costs B. TOWS ANALYSIS SO1. Focusing on innovation and product differ entiation will contribute to the customers satisfaction (S5, O3, O4)2. The diversity of the employees and the employee benefit programs contribute to the high corporate reputation (S3, S6, O5)3. Joint venture with Pepsi and strategic alliance with HP respond to the demand for music download. S7, S8, O7) WO1. The growing educational market should increase Apples market share in this segment (W6, O6)2. The growing industry should allow the company to decrease prices (W4, O2) ST1. The high corporate reputation might suffer from the potential litigations. (S3, T4)2. Strong management might overcome the potential litigations. (S9, T4)3. Focus on innovation and product creative style might offset the low prices of competitors. (S11, T1, T2)4. Innovation will depend on the technological -prices conditions and changes. (S5, T6) WT1.The image issues concerning the ease of use of the machine might contribute to the overtaking of share. (W1, T3)2. The discontinuity in technology and prices mi ght create some forecasting problems, which could result in excess or shortage of inventory. (W2, W3, T6)3. Competition might take advantage of Apples high price. (W4, T1, T2)4. Apples high price might lower the amount of educational contracts (W4, T5)5. Not being IBM compatible might lead to loss in market share (W5, T3)6. The broad product line might be endangered by the technology and prices discontinuity. (W7, T6) VI.strategic ALTERNATIVES AND RECOMMENDED STRATEGY A. STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVES 1. ) Turnaround The company could stop the expansion of their own retail segment in order to maintain a healthy relationship with its third-party distributor and subdue lawsuit. This strategy would also reduce the risks and costs tied to the stores investment. Apple could use its high cash to implement a product development strategy within the market segment they are currently serving. The company could also keep selling its products at a premium price in order to maintain the companys reputa tion as an upmarket and innovative brand.PROS O Improve relationship with resellers. (CI2) O Reduce risks O The allocation of the high cash into a product development strategy might ultimately increase the revenue of the company(CI3) O The premium price might be profitable and the upscale image brand of the company is respected. CONS O No control over the quality of the buying experience procured by the third-party distribution (CI2) O Potential loss of market share because of the premium selling price O Broad product lines might lead to confusion and extra overhead costs. (CI1) 2. ) Pause and occur with CautionIn the Annual Report for 2004, the company saw an increase in revenue and profitability. The introduction of iPod or Itune items have largely contributed to the companys successful year. The retail segment growth has increased the brand awareness of the company but has led to some conflicts with the resellers. This strategy has to be taken with caution because Their lower p rice strategy is allowing the company to attract some non-Mac users. During the mid of this year (2005), the company could consider to primarily focus on the music segment market and the education segment.Apple could also implement a succession plan for the eventual departure of Steve Jobs. The companys growth strategy has to be taken with caution and compromises with resellers have to be done. PROS O Good financial results O More control over the quality of the buying experience (CI2) O Better brand awareness O Less confusion among core competency. (CI1) O Sufficient cash flow to support the discounted prices. (CI3) CONS O Cannibalization risk is still present (CI2) O The low prices might discredit Apples upscale brand image. 3. ) Vertical GrowthThe company could decide to do a preliminary integration, by expanding its own retail store. Apple could use its high cash to finance this investment. The stores are a critical way to leverage Apples brand and showcase young digital wares to affluent consumers. PROS O Total control over the quality of the buying experience (CI2) O High cash can support the investment for the retail segment (CI3) O Better brand awareness CONS O Dissatisfaction of the resellers(CI2) O Potential loss of revenue due to cannibalization (CI2) O The high cash investment is risky, and might have been allocated in a more safety way. CI3) B. RECOMMENDED STRATEGY Pause and Proceed The last fiscal year has seen improvement for Apple. Profits have increased and the focus has been on innovation, especially in the music segment market. Using the high cash to implement a price strategy appears to be a good idea to compete with the non-Mac users. (CI3) The brand image might slightly suffer from this strategy, therefore marketing incentive should be increased in order to sustain Apples reputation for high quality and innovative products. The retail segment growth should be implemented with a lot of caution.Apple needs to ease the pain of the reseller s by coming up with programs to encourage these longtime partners to help it discover goals it cant achieve on its own. (CI2) Apple should also primarily focus on the music segment market and the educational segment market in which they have good opportunities. This focus would allow Apple to be more competitive and profitable. (CI1) Least but not Last, the company should prepare a succession plan in response to the eventual departure of Steve Jobs. (CI4) VII. IMPLEMENTATION A. WHO? The top management should narrow their focus to two market segment. B. WHAT?Apples core competency should focus on the music segment market and the educational segment market in which they have good opportunities. (CI1) C. HOW? The company has to invest more into these 2 segments and cut some product lines that are not very profitable to the company. D. WHO? As Steve Jobs initiated, the company should keep focusing on a price strategy E. WHAT? By lowering the prices, the company will be able to be more competitive and increase market share. F. HOW? The company can use its high cash to support discounted prices. (CI3) G. WHO? The top management should decide to expand the retail store. H. WHAT?Improve the quality of the buying experience by having control over the salesperson and join forces with the resellers. (CI2) I. HOW? The company can use its high cash to invest in the retail store expansion. The company should also tightly work with the resellers by load-bearing(a) them through programs and bonuses. (CI2) (CI3) J. When? During mid 2005. K. HOW MUCH? The Companys current strong financial condition and low debt-to-equity ratio will provide the means to accomplish these implementation initiatives in the short-term. In the long-term these measures will be well worth the cost in increased revenue and market share.L. WHO? The board of directors and the top management should prepare a succession plan. (CI4) M. WHAT? The company has to deal with Steve Jobs eventual departure. N. H OW? Steve Jobs has to delegate some of his power to the top management and he should also implement some training programs. Tim Cook might be a good potential successor. (CI4) P. WHEN? Right now. VIII. MAINTENANCE AND CONTROL A. The companys strong financial position should allow the implementation of the strategies stated above. However the investment related to the retail segment growth is very costly and might be risky.Therefore, the company should O Increase gradually the opening of retail stores. O Assess performance by having Finance and Marketing reviewing the numbers monthly. O gunpoint and immediately address any negative trends The top management should periodically visit stores and gather feedback from line employees. They should also gather feedback from resellers to address expansion issue. B. The companys focus on the music segment market and the education segment market has to be tightly monitored. O Top management should measure on a weekly basis overall performanc e. Revenue, Profit, ROI) O Feedback forms should also be given to customers to maintain good relations and to spot market trends early. whole shebang Cited 10-Q for Quarterly Period Ended December 25, 2004 http//www. apple. com/investor/ Apple Governance http//www. apple. com/investor/ Apple Financial analytic thinking http//www. hoovers. com/ Diverse Articles on Apple http//www. businessweek. com Leave a react You must be logged in to post a stimulant. VISION STATEMENT Man is the creator of change in this world. As such he should be above systems and structures, and not subordinate to them. Explanation of visionApple lives this vision through the technologies it develops for consumers and corporations. It strives to make its customers masters of the products they have bought. Apple doesnt simply make a statement. It lives it by ensuring that its employees understand the vision and strive to reach it. It has put systems in place to enable smooth customer interaction. It has put objectives in place to continuously depart forward implemented strategies to fulfil these objectives and ensured that the right marketing, financial and operational structures are in place to apply the strategies. MISSION STATEMENT Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software and internet offerings. scalawag 15 of 54 picpicpic The PC Industry We can glean Insight into the history and composition of the PC Industry from its eponymous title. In the late 1970s, as Wozniak and Jobs were starting Apple computer, personal computers were an emergent product. The following chart (Reimer) gives an overall view of the major(ip) market players since the mid-1970s. PC Share of Market 0% 10% 20% 0% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% one hundred%Year 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 ShareofMark et IBM SOM Apple II SOM Mac SOM Amiga SOM C64 SOM TRS 80 SOM By 1983, the market share of the Apple II fell to 8% while the PC had 26%. Market share of Macintosh peaked at slightly more than 10% in the early 1990s and has since tapered to mingled with 2-3%. The IBM PC and its clones became the standard due to the success of the open nature of the PC. This allows product developers to offer vastly more products for the platform. Some betoken that not licensing the Mac OS was a mistake.Bill Gates and Microsoft were encouraging Apple to license their OS in the early 1980s, because they were developing software for Apple and had much riding on the success of the company. When Apple did not license, Microsoft began developing their operating system, Windows. (Linzmayer, 169-75, 245-9) Page 16 of 54 picpicpic The Online Music Industry While Apple understandably dominates the online music industry, the battle for domination is not over. Although digital music sales are growing rapidly, the Recording Industry Assoc iation of America (RIAA) states that digital sales account for only 4% of all music sales. Borland) Analysts at Forrester (Bartiromo) and Gartner (Bruno) validate this. Apples sales are between 66% and 75% of downloads and 80% of music players. (Bruno) Apple is part to a suit alleging monopolistic practices concerning their market share dominance of players and downloads. (Grundner) The other players in the download market are (the revised) Napster, bumpkin Music, Rhapsody, and illegitimate file-sharing services. Portable music players competing with the iPod include those made by Creative, Samsung, iRiver, and Sony.A major point of fieldion between these services and player manufacturers is the control of a variety of incompatible Digital Rights Management (DRM) schemes. The Future of Apple Personal Computers A Shift in Strategy Apple has historically taken a remote different path than the traditional Windows and Intel combination. Microsoft provides the Windows operating syste m to separate downstream hardware producers such as Dell. Apple vertically integrated both the operating system software and hardware completely under Apple.A consumer running Microsoft Windows can choose from a myriad of systems based on the Intel processor, while a consumer running Apples OS X must purchase Apple hardware. Page 17 of 54 picpicpicpic Apple is adjusting this strategy by migrating their microprocessors from IBM and Motorola PowerPC to Intel. Analysts believe that the Intel-based Macintosh may be able to run Microsoft Windows applications by the end of 2006. (Burrows) In addition to switching processors, Apple positioned their computers as an immediate option for the traditional Microsoft Windows user.With Apple Boot Camp, users may now use Mac OS X or Windows on an Apple computer. (Sutherland) Figure 1 Apple Boot Camp Allowing Mac OS X or Windows By allowing users to run Windows on an Intel Mac, Apple reduced the switching costs for traditional PC users. Apple may s teal away customers that are willing to pay a premium for a system that runs both Windows and Mac OS X. Figure 2 IBM PowerPC mainframe, Intel Processor Core Duo / Pentium M Page 18 of 54 picApple continues to retain a strategic option to license its technology to clone makers such as Dell.Past attempts at licensing Apple technology (to IBM, Gateway, and others) failed on accord of Apples rigid demands. Many technology leaders (such as a 1985 letter by Bill Gates to Apple CEO John Sculley) criticized Apple for keeping a closed architecture. Apple cofounder Steve Wozniak criticizes this strategy, We had the most beautiful operating system, but to get it you had to buy our hardware at twice the price. That was a mistake. (Linzmayer, 245-57) Whether Apple would be willing to pursue this reversal of vertical integration is unclear.Although such a move would cannibalize a portion of Apples own hardware sales, it would also provide royalty-based revenue that could approach $1 billion ann ually. (Burrows) Jobs traditionally sided against licensing Apple technology. He referred to Mac clone producers as leeches and he personally killed Power Computing (a Mac clone producer) by terminating their license in 1997. (Linzmayer, 255) Apple in the Living Room Apples iPod and iTunes are a powerful combination that fosters a network style of increasing returns. (Barney, 124) By selling iPods, Apple increases the consumer demand for music from iTunes.By placing more musical choices on iTunes (including less popular songs that appeal to niche audiences), there is more demand for iPods. Apple had 70% of the effective music download market in early 2005. (Yoffie) Apple is shooting for the digital living room of the future. For example, Apple just rund a boom box portable version of the iPod. This iPod (the iPod Hi-Fi) comes with a remote control. Instead of forming a strategic alliance, Apple engineered the iPod Hi-Fi and designed it with high-fidelity features. (Burrows) Apple is clearly trying to develop a stronger core competency in the entertainment area.Page 19 of 54 picpic Figure 3 The Apple Hi-Fi Apple may also release an Apple-branded cell phone and iPod combination device by the end of 2006. (Burrows) This product would again position Apple as a second mover responding to addresss Treo and Verizons VCAST technology. Strategic Alliances and Entertainment Jobs had the early strategic vision to complement computing with picture show entertainment. After founding NeXT, he personally acquired a majority interest in the young movie company Pixar in February 1986. (Linzmayer, 219) Jobs went on to invest ? of his personal wealth into Pixar.In 1995, Pixar solidified its position within shake up movies with the debut of Toy business relationship. Grossing $358 million worldwide, it became the 3rd-largest grossing animated movie in history. (Linzmayer, 222) After this success, Jobs took Pixar public and negotiated far better terms with Disney. Later succ esses included Toy Story 2, Monsters Inc. , and Finding Nemo. Ironically, Jobs stated in the November 23, 1998Business Week, I Think Pixar has the opportunity to be the next Disney not replace Disney but be the next Disney. (Linzmayer, 222-4) The alliance between Pixar and Disney has remendous potential for economies of backcloth. As CEO of Apple and Disneys largest shareholder, Jobs is the strategic link between Disney, Page 20 of 54 picpic Apple, and Pixar. Opportunities include combining the animated movie expertise of Disney and Pixar, as well as sharing the content of Disneys ABC or ESPN networks over Apples digital offerings. (Burrows, Grover, and Green) A current example of the fusion between Disney, Jobs, Apple, and technology is video on the iPod. Disneys Desperate Housewives was one of the first television programs available for purchase and download to the newer video-enabled iPod.There are concerns about whether these synergies will come to fruition. There are fears that the personality and style of Jobs may conflict with Disney, and that Disney CEO Iger could be Amelioed driven out of office by Jobs in a manner similar to how Jobs drove Amelio out of the CEO post at Apple. (Burrows, Grover, and Green) EXTERNAL ANALYSIS Technological Environment Brand sensory faculty Style at a Premium Apples products are trendy and stylish. After Jobs returned in 1997, Apple retained designer Jonathan Ive to differentiate their computers from the typic beige box.Ives design of the iMac included clear colorful cases that distinguished Apple computers. (Linzmayer, 295-6) Apples iPod (with the trademark white ear buds and simple way of life wheel) commands a 15%-20% premium over other MP3 players. (Yoffie) Apple and Pixar limit the number of computer products and movies that they sell. Product differentiation with focused quality and style also extend to the Jobs Pixar Pixars executives focus on making sure there are no B teams, that every movie gets the be st efforts of Pixars brainy staff of animators, storytellers, and technologists. (Burrows, Grover, and Green) Page 21 of 54 picpicpicpicpic Figure 4 The Stylish Design of the iMac and Mac Mini Apple positions its Macintosh computers as higher quality and higher price. HP, Dell, and other PC manufacturers are pricing many systems under the $1,000 threshold. Apple is struggling to meet demand for its new MacBook Pro laptop despite a $1,900 price tag that is nearly twice that of garden-variety contends. (Burrows) Apple has only recently entered the low-end (below $500) consumer market with the Mac Mini. Although the Mac Mini is a base model with few features, it comes close in in a very small and distinctive package.Apple portrays this computer as Small is Beautiful. (Apple) Likewise, the iPod Shuffle was Apples first entry into the lower-end ($100 range) of flash- memory-based portable music players. Interoperability Although Apple competes directly with Microsoft for operating sy stems, the release of iTunes for Windows in 2002 was a key strategic move. This decision expanded the potential customer base to nearly all personal computer owners, even though Apple only has 2%-3% of all personal computer sales. (Yoffie) Conversely, Apple depends on Microsoft for a version of Microsoft Office.As the most widely used office suite of applications, Macintosh users rely on Office to correspond with companies that standardized on Windows. This is from a strategic alliance between Apple and Microsoft after Jobs returned in 1997. (Linzmayer, 290) Page 22 of 54 picpicpic Apples iTunes service has a technological hook (asset specificity) to Apples iPod. Although versions of iTunes exist for both Apple and Microsoft operating systems, the iTunes AAC file format prevents other portable music players (such as iRiver or Samsung) from playing purchased songs. (Yoffie) Technology and the Digital LifestyleApple not only dominates the music player market, its iLife suite provides consumers with easy-to-use software for music and video composition. With podcast a household word, Apples Garage roofy application makes the recording of podcasts and music very easy. (Boddie) Figure 5 The GarageBand Music and Podcast Application Page 23 of 54 picpic Regulatory Environment While introducing new technologies, there is a persistent threat of legal action by competitors. For example, Apple sued Microsoft in 1988 (settled in 1997 for an undisclosed amount) for perceived similarities between Microsoft Windows and Macintosh audiovisual aid works. Linzmayer, 172-4) Microsoft has generally been the focus for government antitrust charges (such as U. S. v. Microsoft) (US DOJ, 2006). Both federal and state governments assert that Microsofts dominance blocked fair competition within the software industry. This is an advantage for Apple, because its operating systems are a viable substitute for Windows. Furthermore, Microsofts continued support for Office for Macintosh reduces the perceived level of market monopoly and abuse. (Linzmayer, 290-1) Manufacturers will continue to trespass on Apples intellectual property.For example, the company tex9 released an open source music program called xtunes that was very similar to iTunes. In 2002, Apple took legal action against tex9, who then altered the program and renamed it sumi (pronounced, sue me). (Linzmayer, 300) Legal threats can surface from somewhat unusual sources. Apple Corps Ltd. is the London-based company that owns the rights to the music of the Beatles. Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr recently sued Apple over the use of the Apple logo in iTunes, claiming that it violated Apples agreement not to produce music under an apple-based logo. Associated Press) Research and development is a key component to Apples sustained competitive advantage. Apple is currently taking legal action against several popular technical web sites for releasing proprietary product research. Sites such as appleinsider. com have allegedly posted verbatim content from paperss protected by employee non-disclosure agreements. Page 24 of 54 picpicpic (McCullagh) Release of critical insider information could give Apples competitors a jump in producing rival products. Industry Analysis Using Porters Five Forces ModelApple operates in two primary industries Computing Hardware and Software Delivery of Entertainment and Media Apple has always been under intense competition within the computer, software, and entertainment industries. Looking to 2005 Every time that Apple had jumped into the lead in a product kin during the past two decades, it had had difficulty in sustaining its leadership position. (Yoffie) We use Porters Five Forces Model to understand why Apples industries are so competitive. Figure 6 Porters Five Forces Model Page 25 of 54 Threat of New Entrants Bargaining ower of Suppliers Threat of Substitutes Bargaining power of Buyers Level of Threat in an Industry picpic Figure 7 Summary of Industry T hreats (Computer Equipment and Entertainment Distribution) Type and Severity of Threat Organization Examples submission High Threat Verizon Streaming audio and video with V CAST. virago On demand online services to purchase music (similar to iTunes). Google They make everything. The Next Google New entrants with disruptive technology. Rivalry High Threat Microsoft Windows Operating System, Windows Media Player for playing music and video.Linux Competition to Mac OS X Operating System. Napster, Rhapsody Online music sources alternatives to iTunes Music Store. Dell, HP, Lenovo Alternate sources for computer hardware. iRiver, Samsung, Creative Small, stylish MP3 Players. DreamWorks Animated movies. YouTube. com Online video. Substitutes Moderate Threat XM, Sirius Satellite Radio for music. XBox, PS2 Entertainment Media, Media and Music. Various Internet Streaming Radio and Podcasts. Music CDs, DVD- Audio and SuperAudio CD Alternative means to acquire music. Broadcast, Cable, Satel lite, NetFlix, TiVo, TheatresAlternative sources for video. Suppliers High Threat Motorola, IBM, Intel, Samsung Suppliers of Processors and computer memory. Microsoft Strategic Alliance / Supplier of Office for Mac. The Big Five BMG, EMI, Sony, Universal, and Warner Sources of music. Will they raise prices and break the dollar per song model? Some in the record industry resent Apples distribution model. Apple reaps billions from selling its hit music player, but there are sparse profits from the songs being sold over the Net. (Burrows, Grover, and Green) Disney, ABC, NBC, CBS, Fox, Pixar, SonySuppliers of Television and Movies. Will they sign exclusive contracts with other online services? Note that this threat is reduced for Disney / Pixar. Buyers Moderate Threat Consumers and Illegal peer-to-peer file sharing Consumers share music using peer-to-peer networks without paying for music. Distributors Apple retailers may pressure for lower prices or better terms. For example, the r elease of the Apple Store in 2001 infuriated longtime independent Apple retailers that didnt appreciate Cupertino cannibalizing their sales. (Linzmayer, 300) Consumer Attitudes and BehaviorsConsumers or businesses may reduce spending on personal computers or non-essential (potentially high elasticity of demand) music players if they fear economic downturns. Consumer Refresh Consumers and businesses may continue to use previous-model iPods and Page 26 of 54 picpic Cycles Macs rather than upgrade to current iPods, iMacs, or OS Page 27 of 54 picThe total industry threat for the industry space that Apple occupies (computer equipment and distribution of entertainment) is a high threat industry. Apple must continue to pursue product differentiation (i. e. he style and ease-of-use of an iPod) and economies of scope (i. e. offering ABC television shows on iTunes) to maintain their sustained competitive advantage in this industry. Which External Threats are Most Significant Computer Hardwa re and Software Open Source software such as the Linux Operating System and Open Office applications threaten both Apple and Microsoft. The low (often, free) cost of the software may allow it to overtake Apple and Microsoft, especially in developing markets such as China. Music Products Major online retailers such as Amazon are considering entry into the online music market.With a wide internet presence and a household name, Amazon could present a formidable challenge to Apple. If the major record labels (Universal, Sony BMG, EMI, and Warner) negotiate better terms with new competitors to iTunes, Apple may be unable to provide some of the music content that they currently offer. The major music labels dislike Apples dollar per song pricing. They would prefer to earn higher profits with variable pricing. (Wingfield) With variable pricing, the most popular songs would be greater than $1, and less popular songs would be less than $1.Although the labels recently renewed their contracts with Apple, there may be provisions that allow future changes in the pricing model. (Wingfield and Smith) Suppliers The recent shift to Intel processors could present a significant threat to Apple. With only two companies (Intel and AMD) producing Intel-compatible processors, there is a strong potential for tacit tacit consent and oligopoly power between these suppliers. Apple purchasing must now directly compete with HP, Lenovo, and Dell. If shortages or Page 28 of 54 picpic exclusive agreements materialize, Apple could face problems with obtaining raw materials.Apple should consider additional sources such as Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). Figure 8 CPU Market Share Additional External Threats protection Apple software, like all large software products, has security vulnerabilities that hackers may exploit. A significant exploitation in the future could damage many businesses and households using Apple computers. This would affect future customer purchasing decisions. Apple enjo ys a competitive advantage, because their OS X is mature and stable due to its basis on BSD Unix. In fact, computer security folks back at FBI HQ use Macs running OS X. (Granneman) Page 29 of 54 picpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicAds by Google complimentary Whitepaper Gain competitive advantage using predictive analytics www. sas. com/uk/retail SPSS Predictive Analytics Learn To Use Predictive Analytics In This Free SPSS White Paper. www. cognos. com/SPSS_analytics SWOT Analysis Diagrams Easy SWOT Diagram Software See Examples. Free Download www. SmartDraw. com picpicpicpicpicpicA Strategic Analysis of Apple Corporation DownloadPrintMobileCollectionsReport Document Report this document? Please tell us reason(s) for reporting this document Top of skeletal frame pic pic picSpam or junk picPorn adult content picHateful or offensive If you are the procure owner of this document and want to report it, please follow thes e directions to submit a copyright infringement notice. picCancel Bottom of appoint This is a private document. pic Info and Rating Reads 46,219 pic Uploaded 02/09/2009 Category School Work Rated picpicpicpicpic(28 Ratings) course information emailprotected com inc analyse strategy summary macintosh computers organisational objective (more tags) course information emailprotected com inc analyse strategy summary macintosh computers organisational objective avac strategic control business activities term strategy industries case profitibility economic relative ideas (fewer) Follow mahantesh123 picpicpicpicpicpicpicpicSections show allcollapse prev next administrator SUMMARY HISTORY OF APPLE The PC Industry The Online Music Industry The Future of Apple Apple in the Living Room EXTERNAL ANALYSIS Technological Environment Interoperability Technology and the Digital Lifestyle Regulatory Environment Industry Analysis Using Porters Five Forces Model SWOT Analysis Threats F inancial Analysis Stock Price Performance Profitability Measures Product Unit Sales 2002 Product Sales 2005 Product Sales Strategy Product Differentiation Strategic Alliances picShare & Embed Related Documents PreviousNext 1. pic21 p. pic18 p. pic18 p. 2. picp. picp. picp. 3. pic33 p. pic48 p. pic48 p. 4. picp. pic20 p. pic24 p. 5. pic7 p. pic20 p. pic4 p. 6. pic23 p. picp. picp. 7. pic1 p. pic60 p. pic1 p. 8. pic2 p. pic4 p. pic41 p. 9. pic1 p. pic1 p. pic45 p. 10. picp. pic3 p. pic3 p. 11. pic4 p. pic1 p. pic1 p. 12. pic1 p. picp. pic7 p. 13. pic19 p. picp. pic860 p. 14. pic5 p. pic1 p. pic17 p. 15. pic24 p. pic35 p. picMore from this user PreviousNext 1. pic26 p. pic4 p. pic3 p. 2. pic3 p. pic2 p. pic76 p. 3. pic29 p. pic25 p. pic6 p. 4. pic61 p. pic54 p. pic16 p. 5. pic121 p. pic121 p. pic4 p. 6. pic25 p. pic43 p. pic14 p. 7. pic5 p. pic7 p. pic43 p. 8. pic12 p. pic18 p. pic18 p. 9. pic31 p. picRecent Readcasters Add a Comment Top of Form pic pic Submit Characters 400 pi c pic Bottom of Form 0137984613 left a comment iryani_70 03 / 13 / 2010 Reply natasha100 left a comment awesum report-thanx -but just tel me how 2 download it? 03 / 02 / 2010 Reply queenouchka left a comment great report, please how to download? 02 / 24 / 2010 Reply BrianCMasi left a comment is reading Thanks for this.Your work helped guide me in completing my analytic thinking of the company. Strategic Analysis of Apple Inc. Brian Masi. 12 / 15 / 2009 Reply bondito1 left a comment Great report, please enable downloads 12 / 09 / 2009 Reply give tongue to More pic picpicAds by Google Free Whitepaper Gain competitive advantage using predictive analytics www. sas. om/uk/retail SPSS Predictive Analytics Learn To Use Predictive Analytics In This Free SPSS White Paper. www. cognos. com/SPSS_analytics SWOT Analysis Diagrams Easy SWOT Diagram Software See Examples.Free Download www. SmartDraw. com PR & Media Analysis High quality media evaluation and PR / ROI analysis from the experts www. etrica. net Industry & Market Reports Get upright Trading Advice. Generate Over 100% ROI. Signup For Free Now www.Trade-Alerts. com Financial Reporting Analysis Powerful Financial Reporting Software Solution. Free Demo Prophix. co. k/reporting Enterprise Architecture Modelling tool & consulting for IT architects. Download our demo www. mega. om/uk IT Expert Witnesses Expert Court Witness Service for IT & Computer Forensics & Fraud cases www. ITGroup-UK. com/IT_Experts picpicpicpicpicpic Print this document High Quality Open the downloaded document, and select print from the file visiting card (PDF reader required). picpicpicpicpic Scribd Archive > Charge to your Mobile Phone Bill Sign up Use your Facebook login and see what your friends are reading and sharing. Other login options Login with Facebookpic Top of Form picpic Bottom of Form Signup I dont have a Facebook account Top of Form pic pic email address (required) pic create username (requ ired) pic password (required) pic pic Send me the Scribd Newsletter, and occasional account related communications. pic hiding policy pic You will receive email notifications regarding your account activity. You can manage these notifications in your account settings.We promise to respect your privacy. Bottom of Form Why Sign up? pic Discover and connect with people of similar interests. pic Publish your documents quickly and easily. pic Share your reading interests on Scribd and social sites. pic Already have a Scribd account? Top of Form pic email address or username pic password pic picpicTrouble logging in? Bottom of Form Login Successful Now bringing you back pic Back to Login Reset your password Please enter your email address below to reset your password.We will send you an email with instructions on how to continue. Top of Form pic Email address pic You need to provide a login for this account as well. Login pic pic Bottom of Form Upload a Document Top of Form p ic pic Bottom of Form Follow Us scribd. com/scribd twitter. com/scribd facebook. com/scribd About Press Blog Partners Scribd 101 Web Stuff Scribd Store Support FAQ Developers / API Jobs Terms Copyright Privacy picpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpic